Table 2. Determinants of diabetes management self-efficacy.

Covariates	self-efficacy		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
	%	n	crude OR (95% CL)	p-value	adjusted OR (95% CL)	p-value
Gender
Female	51.7	180	1
Male	46.2	212	0.8 (0.5-1.2)	0.283
Age group in year
≤50	44.8	142	1
>50	55.6	250	1.5 (1.0-2.3	0.040
Residence
Other states	42.5	113	1
Khartoum	51.3	279	1.4 (0.9-2.2)	0.116
Educational level						0.001
> 9 years	60.9	169	1		1
0-9 years	39.5	223	0.4 (0.3-0.6)	<0.001	0.5 (0.3-0.7)
Marital status
Others	52.0	50	1
Married	48.2	342	0.9 (0.5-1.6)	0.620
Employment status
Unemployed	47.2	231	1
Employed	50.9	161	1.2 (0.8-1.7)	0.466
Duration with diabetes
> 10 years	48.1	183	1
1-10 years	49.3	209	1.0 (0.7-1.6)	0.813
Attending formal diabetes education						<0.001
No	36.5	197	1		1
Yes	61.0	195	2.7 (1.8-4.1)	<0.001	2.4 (1.6-3.7)
Diabetes complication
No	56.9	109	1
Yes	45.6	283	0.6 (0.4-1.0)	0.046
Total		392