Fig. 2.

Plasma cytokine levels in MPS IIIA mice treated with PPS. IL-1α, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and G-CSF were measured in the plasma of wild-type, sham treated MPS IIIA, and PPS treated MPS IIIA mice at various intervals (16, 24 and 32 weeks) by ELISA. G1, group 1; G2, group 2 (n = 10/group). ICV mice (n = 5) were only assessed at the end of the treatment period (16 weeks). Cytokine levels were higher in the ICV treated when compared to the untreated age-matched animals probably due to the fact that the PPS was not released systemically. *p < 0.05 compared to sham treated MPS IIIA mice of the same age