Table 6.

Overview of other nutritional supplements

Nutrient source (key nutrient)	Mechanism of action	Suggested benefits	Refs
n-3 PUFAs (DHA, EPA)	Anti-inflammatory properties	↓DMG, ↓DOMS, ↓INF, ↑MF	[128–139]
Caffeine	Adenosine receptor antagonism	↓DOMS	[141–147]
MSM	Antioxidant properties	↓DMG, ↓INF	[148–150]
MIPS (Caffeine, Creatine, BCAAs)	Increased MPS	NA	[17, 152]
Specialized water supplements	Anti-inflammatory properties	↓DMG, ↓DOMS, ↓INF, ↑MF	[153–157]

DHA docosahexaenoic acid, ↓DMG nutrient reduced indirect markers of muscle damage compared to placebo, ↓DOMS nutrient reduced soreness and delayed-onset muscle soreness compared to placebo, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, ↓INF nutrient reduced markers of inflammation compared to placebo, MIPS multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, ↑MF nutrient improved muscle function relative to placebo, MSM methylsulfonylmethane, NA nutrient had no effect on EIMD-related outcome measures, n-3 PUFAs omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids