Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of participants.

Variable	Young (n = 12)	Middle-aged (n = 12)
Age (yr)	24.3 ± 1.7**	46.8 ± 7.5
Height (cm)	168.3 ± 5.6	168.4 ± 6.8
Weight (kg)	66.8 ± 15.0	66.4 ± 8.1
Body fat (%)	19.5 ± 6.9	19.9 ± 3.8
BMI (kg m−2)	23.5 ± 4.6	23.4 ± 2.1
VO2max (mL min−1 kg−1)	44.9 ± 6.6*	39.5 ± 5.6

Significantly different between groups based on independent sample t-tests: **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; VO_2max: Maximal oxygen uptake.