Talabostat lowers glucose independently of FAP and FGF-21. Adult Fgf21+/+ and Fgf21−/−, Dpp4+/+ and Dpp4−/−, and Fap+/+ and Fap−/− mice were treated with either vehicle or talabostat (Val-boroPro) by oral gavage 30 min prior to an OGTT. A, B) 16-week old male Fgf21+/+ and Fgf21−/− mice treated with talabostat prior to an OGTT, and AUC analyses. C) Insulin levels during OGTT in all treatment groups and Fgf21 genotypes. D, E) 18-week old Dpp4+/+ and Dpp4−/− mice treated with talabostat prior to an OGTT, and AUC analyses. F) Insulin levels during OGTT in all treatment groups and Dpp4 genotypes. G, H) 30-week old male and female Fap+/+ and Fap−/− mice treated with talabostat prior to an OGTT, and AUC analyses. I) Insulin levels during OGTT in all treatment groups and Dpp4 genotypes. J) Plasma DPP-4 activity 45 min after treatment with CPD60 or talabostat in mice with different genotypes. K) Plasma FAP activity 45 min after CPD60 or talabostat administration. L) Plasma FGF-21 levels after an 18-hour fast in male and female Fap+/+, Fap−/−, and vehicle- or CPD60-treated C57BL6 mice. Due to the design of the crossover studies, data were analyzed using paired t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.