Table 1.
Markers and defined secondary points.
| Segment | Markers/defined secondary points | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pelvis | Markers (7) | Right and left ASISs, PSISs, iliac crests, and sacrum. |
| Defined (5) | Hip joints, lumbar 4/5, mid-ASIS, and mid-hip. The hip joints were calculated using the ‘Tylkowski-Andriacchi Method’.17,18 The lumbar 4/5 was computed using the ‘MacKinnon Method’.19 The mid-ASIS and mid-hip were the mid-points of right and left ASISs and the hip joints, respectively. | |
| Trunk | Markers (6) | Right and left acromions, sternum, C7, T10, and xiphoid. |
| Defined (2) | Mid-thorax and mid-abdomen. The mid-thorax and mid-abdomen were the mid-points of C7 and sternum and T10 and xiphoid, respectively. | |
| Legs | Markers (9 × 2) | Right and left greater trochanters, lateral thighs, lateral and medial epicondyles, lateral shanks, lateral and medial malleoli, and heels and toes. |
| Defined (2 × 2) | Knee and ankle joints. Knee and ankle joint centers were the mid-points of lateral and medial femoral epicondyles and lateral and medial malleoli, respectively. | |
| Arms | Markers (12 × 2) | Right and left anterior and posterior shoulders, three upper arm markers, lateral and medial epicondyles, two forearm markers, radial and ulnar styloid processes, and hand markers. |
| Defined (3 × 2) | Shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. The shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint centers were computed using the ‘Rigid body Method’.20 | |
| Head | Markers (4) | Four head markers (right, left, forehead, and tophead). |
| Defined (1) | Head center. Head center is mid-point of the right and left head markers |
Note. ASIS: anterior superior iliac spines; PSIS: posterior superior iliac spines; C7: 7th cervical vertebra; T10: 10th thoracic vertebra.