Table I.
Functional characterization of CCAT1 in various tumours.
| First author, year | Tumour type | Expression | Functional role | Associated gene | Protein binding | Role | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nissan, 2012; He, 2014; Jing, 2017; Alaiyan, 2013; Ye, 2015; Kim, 2014; Ozawa, 2017; Zhao, 2015; Kam, 2014; McCleland, 2016 | Colorectal cancer | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, cell cycle | c-Myc | / | Oncogenic | (22,30,40–46,48) |
| Zhuang, 2016; Zhang, 2017 | LSCC | Upregulated | Proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion, EMT | let-7, HMGA2, c-Myc, mir218, ZFX | / | Oncogenic | (31,52) |
| Zhang, 2016 | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration | miR-7, HOXB13, H3K27Ac, SPRY4 | EZH2, SUV39H1, H3K27me3, H3K9me3 | Oncogenic | (55) |
| Zhang, 2014; Mizrahi, 2015; Yang, 2013; Zhou, 2016; Liu, 2017 | Gastric cancer | Upregulated | Proliferation and migration, invasion | c-Myc, ERK/MAPK, miR-490, hnRNPA1 | / | Oncogenic | (56–60) |
| Deng, 2015; Wang, 2017; Zhu, 2015; Zhu, 2015; Dou, 2017; | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle | let-7, HMGA2, c-Myc, miR-200b, mir490-3p, CDK1 | / | Oncogenic | (25,68–72) |
| Ma, 2015 | Gallbladder cancer | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration, invasion | miR-218-5p, Bmi1 | / | Oncogenic | (75) |
| Jiang, 2017; Zhang, 2017 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Upregulated | Migration, invasion, EMT | miR-152 | / | Oncogenic | (77,78) |
| Yu, 2016 | Pancreatic cancer | Upregulated | proliferation, cell cycle, and migration, EMT | c-Myc | / | Oncogenic | (81) |
| White, 2014; Luo, 2014; Cabanski, 2015; Hu, 2017; Lu, 2016; Lu, 2017; Chen, 2016 | Lung cancer | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, chemoresistance, EMT, cell cycle | let-7, Bcl-xl; miR-218-5p, Bmi1, c-Myc, miR-130a-3p, SOX4 | / | Oncogenic | (86–92) |
| Cao, 2017; Liu, 2013 | Epithelial ovarian cancer | Upregulated | EMT, migration and invasion | miR-152, miR-130b | / | Oncogenic | (93,94) |
| Zhang, 2015; Lai, 2017 | Breast cancer | Upregulated | / | miR-148b | / | Oncogenic | (96,97) |
| Jia, 2017 | Cervical cancer | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration and invasion | / | / | Oncogenic | (98) |
| Zhao, 2016 | Endometrial carcinoma | Upregulated | / | / | / | Oncogenic | (99) |
| Gao, 2017 | Medulloblastoma | Upregulated | Proliferation, cell cycle, metastasis | MAPK | / | Oncogenic | (101) |
| Chen, 2016 | Acute myeloid leukemia | Upregulated | Proliferation, monocytic differentiation | miR-155, c-Myc | / | Oncogenic | (102) |
| Zhao, 2017 | Osteosarcoma | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration, invasion | miR-148a, PIK3IP1 | / | Oncogenic | (103) |
| Wang, 2017 | Nasopharynx cancer | Upregulated | / | miR-181a, CPEB2 | / | Oncogenic | (104) |
| Zhang, 2017 | Retinoblastoma | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration, Invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle | miR-218-5p | / | Oncogenic | (26) |
| Lv, 2017 | Melanoma | Upregulated | Proliferation and invasion | miR-33a | / | Oncogenic | (105) |
| Wang, 2016; Cui, 2017 | Glioma | Upregulated | Proliferation, migration, EMT and apoptosis | microRNA-410, miR-181b | / | Oncogenic | (106,107) |
| Ma, 2017 | HNSCC | Upregulated | / | / | / | Oncogenic | (100) |
Bcl-xl, B cell lymphoma extra-large; CCAT1, colon cancer-associated transcript 1; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; CPEB, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; HOXB, homeobox protein-B; HMGA, high mobility group AT-Hook; HPV, human papilloma virus; HNSCC, HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas; hnRNPA, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A; ITPKB, inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B; LSCC, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; miR, microRNA; PIK3IP1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase interacting protein 1; SOX, (sex-determining region Y)-box; SUV39H1, Suppressor Of Variegation 3–9 Homolog 1; ZFX, zinc finger protein X-linked.