Table 1.

Mean difference scores for visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and pain pressure thresholds in the water exercise and control groups before and after treatment

Variable	Preintervention	Postintervention	Mean difference (95% CI)
Change in VAS scores
Neck pain
Water exercise group	40±31	12±15	−30 (−25 to −35)
Control group	39±21	42±23
Shoulder/axillary pain
Water exercise group	27±33	12±13	− 31 (−25 to −37)
Control group	38±35	43±33
Change in pain pressure thresholds
C5–6 zygapophyseal joint
Water exercise group affected	156.0±65.8	174.0±63.5	20.3 (34.1 to 6.5)
Control group affected	163.4±62.7	153.7±49.7
C5–6 zygapophyseal joint
Water exercise group unaffected	167.4±66.3	167.3±62.4	3.6 (17.8 to −10.6)
Control group unaffected	181.9±61.8	163.7±54.1
Affected deltoid muscle
Water exercise group	181.4±76.8	206.9±66.8	−6.7 (9.9 to −23.3)
Control group	194.6±111.4	213.6±69.3
Unaffected deltoid muscle
Water exercise group	191.6±83.3	212.6±61.1	−10.5 (4.3 to −25.3)
Control group	223.4±77.7	223.1±60.4
Affected second metacarpal
Water exercise group	210.4±65.9	243.8±83.8	22.1 (40.5 to 3.7)
Control group	234.4±81.1	221.7±66.9
Unaffected second metacarpal
Water exercise group	242.3±66.3	255.2±72.6	6.4 (22.3 to −9.5)
Control group	233.1±80.9	248.8±57.7
Affected tibialis anterior muscle
Water exercise group	261.2±108.6	259.4±82.1	−52.8 (−32.0 to −73.6)
Control group	293.3±83.8	312.2±88.5
Unaffected tibialis anterior muscle
Water exercise group	275.4±112.5	268.5±101.7	−48.6 (−26.9 to −70.3)
Control group	302.9±92.1	317.1±75.4

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.

CI, confidence interval.