Table 3.
Differences between the groups on all outcome measures over time (linear mixed model analyses]
| Intervention group |
Control group |
β (SE) | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||
| Number of subjects | 145 | 142 | 123 | 65 | 56 | 53 | 45 | 22 | - | - |
| IRI - Perspective Takinga | 17.7±4.0 | 18.0±3.8 | 17.6±4.0 | 17.4±4.7 | 17.4±4.4 | 17.0±3.6 | 17.2±3.3 | 18.6±4.2 | 0.218 (0.25) | 0.381 |
| IRI - Empathic Concerna | 17.8±4.3 | 18.1±4.3 | 17.9±4.2 | 18.0±4.7 | 17.8±3.9 | 17.2±3.8 | 17.9±3.4 | 18.4±3.8 | 0.047 (0.27) | 0.862 |
| HADS-Db | 4.8±4.2 | 4.7±4.1 | 5.3±4.6 | 5.5±4.7 | 5.5±3.5 | 6.0±4.0 | 5.8±4.0 | 6.5±3.6 | -0.008 (0.18) | 0.963 |
| HADS-Ab | 6.2±3.8 | 5.9±3.9 | 6.2±4.1 | 6.7±4.1 | 7.8±4.3 | 7.5±4.3 | 7.6±4.2 | 8.8±5.4 | 0.020 (0.18) | 0.912 |
| CRA - Disruptionc | 2.9±0.9 | 2.8±0.9 | 3.0±0.9 | 3.0±1.0 | 3.5±0.8 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.5±0.8 | 3.7±0.6 | -0.011 (0.04) | 0.785 |
| CRA - Healthc | 2.4±0.8 | 2.3±0.8 | 2.5±0.8 | 2.6±0.9 | 3.0±0.9 | 3.0±0.9 | 2.9±0.8 | 3.2±0.9 | -0.036 (0.04) | 0.417 |
| CRA - Supportc | 2.3±0.8 | 2.3±0.8 | 2.4±0.8 | 2.4±0.9 | 2.7±0.8 | 2.7±0.8 | 2.7±0.8 | 2.8±0.8 | -0.044 (0.04) | 0.241 |
| CRA - Self-Esteemc | 3.8±0.6 | 3.8±0.5 | 3.8±0.6 | 3.7±0.6 | 3.7±0.6 | 3.6±0.6 | 3.6±0.7 | 3.7±0.7 | 0.018 (0.02) | 0.544 |
| CRA - Financesc | 2.3±0.6 | 2.3±0.7 | 2.4±0.8 | 2.6±0.8 | 2.6±0.8 | 2.7±0.9 | 2.6±0.9 | 3.0±1.0 | -0.062 (0.05) | 0.199 |
| RQId | 31.6±7.9 | 31.4±8.1 | 31.3±8.0 | 31.0±9.0 | 29.4±8.7 | 30.0±8.1 | 29.9±10.1 | 28.9±10.0 | 0.073 (0.46) | 0.876 |
| QoR - Currente | 13.2±2.9 | 13.6±3.0 | 131±3.0 | 12.5±3.0 | 13.4±3.0 | 13.8±2.8 | 13.4±3.2 | 13.3±3.6 | 0.139 (0.16) | 0.395 |
| SSCQf | 27.3±5.0 | 27.3±4.5 | 26.7±4.9 | 27.6±8.3 | 24.1±5.5 | 24.7±4.6 | 24.2±5.4 | 24.0±6.2 | 0.275 (0.38) | 0.470 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD unless indicated otherwise. CRA, Caregiver Reaction Assessment; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IRI, Interpersonal Reactivity Index; QoR, Quality of Relationship; RQI, Relationship Quality Index; SSCQ, Short Sense of Competence Questionnaire.
Score range 0–28.
Score range 0–21.
Score range 1–5.
Score range 7–42.
Score range 4–20.
Score range 7–35. The intercept was modeled as a random effect, all the other effects were modeled as fixed effects. Age, cohabiting with the person with dementia, and hours spent on care were added as covariates. The Akaike Information Criterion indices for model fit were: 3,171.021 and 2,345.346 for IRI - Perspective Taking and IRI - Empathic Concern, respectively.