Table 1.
General characteristics of included studies (in vitro and in vivo reports).
| Authors, year, country | Model | Essential oil | Major constituents | Family | Induction of inflammation | Type of inflammation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsai et al., 2011, Taiwan [24] | In vitro | Essential oils of the aerial parts of Eucalyptus bridgesiana, Cymbopogon martinii, Thymus vulgaris, Lindernia anagallis, and Pelargonium fragrans | 1,8-Cineole Geraniol Thymol p-Menthanone (−)-Spathulenol |
Myrtaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae Linderniaceae Geraniaceae |
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Ritter et al., 2013, Brazil [25] | In vivo | — | Anethole | — | Complete Freund's adjuvant | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Jeena et al., 2013, India [26] | In vivo | Essential oil of ginger | Zingiberene | Zingiberaceae | Formalin | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| El-Readi et al., 2013, Egypt [27] | In vitro | Essential oils from leaves and stems of Liquidambar styraciflua | α-Pinene | Altingiaceae | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Valente et al. 2013, Portugal [28] | In vitro | Essential oils of the aerial parts of Oenanthe crocata L. |
β-Ocimene Sabinene |
Apiaceae | LPS from Escherichia coli and INF-γ | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Lin et al., 2014, China [29] | In vitro | Essential oil of Patrinia scabiosaefolia | Caryophyllene oxide | Caprifoliaceae | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Destryana et al., 2014, Indonesia [30] | In vitro | Essential oil from leaf and branches of Ocotea quixos, wood, branches, and leaves of Callitris intratropica and Copaifera reticulata/langsdorffii gum-resin |
trans-Caryophyllene β-Caryophyllene (+)-Calarene |
Lauraceae Cupressaceae Fabaceae |
LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Shirole et al., 2014, India [31] | In vitro and in vivo | Essential oil of Pistacia integerrima | 4-Carvomenthenol | Anacardiaceae | LPS from Escherichia coli and ovalbumin | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Patil et al. 2014, India [32] | In vivo | Essential oil of Camellia reticulata L. | — | Theaceae | Indomethacin | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Khodabakhsh et al. 2014, Japan [33] | In vivo | Essential oil from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. | Linalool | Rutaceae | Cotton pellet—subcutaneous | Inflammation induced by physical agent |
| Wu et al., 2014, China [34] | In vivo | — | Linalool | — | Pasteurella multocida intranasal | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Jeena et al., 2014, India [35] | In vivo | Essential oil of Piper nigrum Linn | Caryophyllene | Piperaceae | Formalin | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Entok et al., 2014, Turkey [36] | In vivo | Essential oil of Nigella sativa L. | — | Ranunculaceae | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Kazemi 2015, Iran [37] | In vitro | Essential oils of Achillea millefolium L., Anethum graveolens L., and Carum copticum L. | Thymol | Asteraceae Apiaceae |
LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Pinheiro et al., 2015, Brazil [38] | In vivo | Essential oil from leaves of Choisya ternata Kunth | — | Rutaceae | Dorsal subcutaneous injection of sterile air and carrageenan suspension | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Kara et al. 2015, Turkey [39] | In vivo | — | Carvacrol | — | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Allam et al. 2015, Egypt [40] | In vivo | Essential oil of thyme | — | Lamiaceae | Shigella flexneri | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Shen et al. 2016, China [41] | In vitro | Essential oil of calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. | n-Hexadecanoic acid | Malvaceae | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Park et al., 2016, Korea [42] | In vitro and in vivo | Essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa | — | Cupressaceae |
In vitro: LPS from Escherichia coli In vivo: carrageenan-induced paw edema, thioglycollate-induced peritonitis |
Inflammation induced by biological and chemical agent |
| Skala et al., 2016, Poland [43] | In vitro | Essential oils from roots of Rhaponticum carthamoides | Cyperene Aplotaxene |
Asteraceae | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Zhao et al., 2016, China [44] | In vivo | — | Cinnamaldehyde | — | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Yu et al., 2016, Brazil [45] | In vivo | — | Thymol | — | High-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Kennedy-Feitosa et al. 2016, Brazil [46] | In vivo | — | Eucalyptol | — | Exposition to commercial cigarettes | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Alvarenga et al. 2016, Brazil [47] | In vivo | — | Carvacrol | — | Irinotecan | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Shen et al., 2017, China [48] | In vitro | Essential oil from blossoms of Citrus aurantium | — | Rutaceae | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Liu et al., 2017, China [49] | In vivo | — | β-Elemene | — | High-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Leelarungrayub et al. 2017, Thailand [50] | In vivo | Essential oil of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. in niosomes entrapped | Terpinen-4-ol | Zingiberaceae | LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Arigesavan and Sudhandiran 2017, India [51] | In vivo | — | Carvacrol | — | 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |
| Marques et al., 2018, Brazil [52] | In vitro | — | l-Carveol, l-carvone, m-cymene, valencene, and guaiene | — | LPS from Escherichia coli | Inflammation induced by biological agent |
| Pivetta et al. 2018, Brazil [53] | In vivo | — | Thymol in nanoparticles from natural lipids | — | Imiquimod | Inflammation induced by chemical agent |