Table 2.

Results of mtDNA Gene-Based Meta-analysis SKAT T1 and T5 Test (p ≤ 0.01)

Trait	Ancestry	T	Gene	p	Qmeta	cMAF	nSNVs
HOMA-B	PA	0.01	MT-TF	5.0E−03	4604374	0.022	5
HOMA-B	PA	0.05	MT-TV	8.0E−03	3341460	0.078	6
HbA1c	EA	0.05	MT-TG	9.0E−03	13674145	0.064	13
BMI	PA	0.05	MT-TQ	1.0E−02	21201188	0.075	12
HOMA-B	PA	0.05	MT-RNR1	1.0E−02	69787232	1.323	119

Abbreviations and definitions: Trait, the trait used for a specific test; PA, Pan ancestry; EA, European ancestry; T, MAF-value threshold for selecting SNVs to be included in the gene-based association test; Gene, gene name from mtDNA; p, p value from the SKAT test; Qmeta, the SKAT Q statistics; $\mathit{Q}={\sum }_{\mathit{j}}{\mathit{w}}_{\mathit{j}}^2{\mathit{U}}_{\mathit{j}}^2$, where w is a weight for SNV_j and U_j is associated score statistics; cMAF, cumulative minor allele frequency; nSNVs, the number of SNVs used in the gene-based meta-analysis.