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. 2019 Feb;47(2):86–93. doi: 10.1124/dmd.118.083691

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

(A) qPCR analysis of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, Clostridium XIVa, and Clostridium IV in the cecal contents of mice after 5 days of vehicle or BBR treatment. (B) Fecal BSH enzyme activity after BBR 5 days of vehicle or BBR treatment. (C) Orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis scores plot (left) and coefficient plot (right) derived from 1H NMR spectra of urine samples from mice after 5 days of vehicle (squares) or BBR (circles) treatment. The model was evaluated with cross-validated analysis of variance (P = 0.021). (D) Relative abundance of urine bacterial metabolites measured by 1H NMR data from mice after 0, 1, 3, and 5 days of BBR treatment. Values are medians and interquartile ranges (n = 6 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. DMA, dimethylamine; PAG, phenylacetylglycine; TMA, trimethylamine.