Table 3.
Thematic mapping of data categories from all included studies
| Theme | Study origin | Representation | Ecological context | Nature of problem | Evidence Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data map | Reference Nation (status) Region |
Sample frame Sampling Response or retention % |
Geographic unit and/or ASED | Cardiometabolic risk nature | Data source Analyses |
| 1. | Roux et al. [30] USA (Industrialised) North America |
Population and service providers' lists 79% retention |
Small area ASED: income, education, occupation |
Biochemical, anthropometric Physiological |
Self-report, PE, Specimen tests Statistical |
| 2. | Lawlor et al. [19] UK (Industrialised) Western Europe |
Service provider’s list Random 60% response |
Large area | Biochemical, anthropometric, physiological | Self-report, PE, Specimen tests, MR Statistical |
| 3. | Mujahid et al. [28] USA (Industrialised) North America |
Population list1 Random 81% retention |
Small area ASED: income, education, occupation |
Anthropometric | Self-report, PE Statistical |
| 4. | Lawlor et al. [34] UK (Industrialised) Western Europe |
Service provider’s list Random 60% response |
Median area ASED: employment, housing, transport, social class |
Biochemical, anthropometric, physiological |
Self-report, PE, Specimen tests, MR Statistical |
| 5. | Cubbin et al. [31] Sweden(Industrialised) Northern Europe |
Population list2 Random4 ~ 80% response |
Small area ASED: population structure, education, unemployment etc. |
Anthropometric, physiological, diagnostic: DM | Self-report Statistical |
| 6. | Cox et al. [24] Scotland (Industrialised) Western Europe |
Service provider’s list ~Purposive |
Small area ASED: employment, housing, transport, social class |
Diagnostic—T2DM | Medical record Spatial and Statistical |
| 7. | Dragano et al. [32] GR-Czech(Industrialised) Western—Central Europe |
Population list Random 56 and 55% responses |
Small area ASED: unemployment overcrowding |
Anthropometric, physiological | Self-report, PE Statistical |
| 8. | Andersen et al. [35] UK (Industrialised) Western Europe |
Service provider’s lists Random 60% response |
Small area ASED: employment, housing, transport, social class |
Biochemical | Self-report, PE, MR Statistical |
| 9. | Naimi et al. [36] Canada (Industrialised) North America |
Population list Stratified cluster sampling 15% response |
Medium area ASED: Education employment |
Anthropometric, biochemical | Self-report, PE, Specimen tests Statistical |
| 10. | Barker et al. [20] USA (Industrialised) North America |
Population list Random 50.6% response |
Medium area | Anthropometric, biochemical | Self-report Statistical |
| 11. | Silhol et al. [33] France (Industrialised) Western Europe |
Employees lists ~purposive |
Medium area ASED: higher job, education |
Anthropometric, biochemical physiological | Self-report, Employers data, Insurance data Spatial and Statistical |
| 12. | Keita et al. [22] USA (Industrialised) North America |
Population list | Small area ASED: income, housing education and occupation |
Biochemical, anthropometric physiological |
Self-report, PE, Specimen tests Statistical |
| 13. | Clark et al. [23] USA (Industrialised) North America 6 |
Population list Random |
Medium area ASED :10 components |
Biochemical, anthropometric physiological |
PE, Specimen tests Statistical |
| 14. | Valdes et al. [18] Spain (Industrialised) Southern Europe |
Population list Cluster –random 54.6% response |
Large area | Anthropometric, hysiological, biochemical |
Self-report, PE, Specimen tests Statistical |
| 15. | Astell-Burt et al. [14] Australia (Industrialised) Oceania |
Population (insurance) lists Random |
Medium area | Biochemical, physiological | Self-report Spatial and Statistical |
| 16. | Unger et al. [27] USA (Industrialised) North America |
Population and service provider’s list (~ purposive) |
Medium area ASED: income, housing, education, occupation. |
Anthropometric biochemical physiological |
Self-report, PE, Specimen tests Statistical |
| 17. | Maier et al. [29] Germany(Industrialised) West - Central Europe |
Population list Random 29.1% response |
Large area. ASED: income, employment, education, revenue, social capital, environment, security |
Anthropometric Diagnostic—T2DM |
Self-report Statistical |
| 18. | Zhou et al. [17] China (Developing) East Asia |
Population (survey) list Random 90.5% response |
Large area | Anthropometric biochemical |
Self-report, Specimen tests Statistical |
| 19. | Bonney et al. [26] Australia (Industrialised) Oceania |
Service provider’s list (~ purposive) |
Small area. ASED: income, education, employment, family structure, disability, housing, transport and internet connection |
Anthropometric | Medical record Statistical |
| 20. | Gabert et al. [25] USA (Industrialised) North America 8 |
Employees list 83.6% response |
Small area ASED: income, education, insurance |
Biochemical | Medical record Spatial and Statistical |
| 21. | Paquet et al. [16] AU-France (Industrialised) Oceania - West Europe |
Australia: Population list (Random 13/49.4% response 3) France: Employees list (Purposive/83.6% response) |
Small area | Anthropometric, biochemical, hysiological |
PE, Specimen tests Spatial and Statistical |
| 22. | Alkerwi et al. [15] Luxemberg (Industrialised) Western Europe |
Population (survey) list stratified random 32.2% response |
Medium area | Physiological, biochemical |
Self-report, PE, Specimen tests Spatial and Statistical |
| 23. | Oh et al. [13] South Korea (Developing) East Asia |
Population (ministry) lists ~purposive |
Medium area | Biochemical, physiological, diagnostic |
Self-report Spatial and Statistical |
| 24. | Barber et al. [21] Brazil (Developing) South America |
Employees lists ~purposive |
Large area ASED: income |
Biochemical, anthropometric, physiological |
Self-report, PE, Specimen tests Spatial and Statistical |