Fig. 3.

Effect of diet and topiramate on metabolism-related hormones. Serum samples collected from LF diet + saline (n = 10), LF diet + TPM (n = 11), HF diet + saline (n = 8), and HF diet + TPM (n = 8). Serum was measured for a ghrelin, b glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, GIP, c glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1, d glucagon, e insulin, f leptin, g plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1, and h resistin. Ghrelin showed a significant decrease after HF-feeding, while GIP, insulin, and leptin showed a significant increase. Topiramate treatment had no significant effect at either low- or high-fat feeding. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Significance was determined by a one-way analysis of variance followed by Newman–Keuls post-test between HF vs. LF, LF vs. LF TPM, and HF vs. HF TPM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ^#p < 0.001