Table 2.
Blood–brain barrier and blood–retinal barrier disruption to 14C-sucrose
| Region | Prevention | Efficacy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LF | LF TPM | HF | HF TPM | LF | LF TPM | HF | HF TPM | |
| Whole brain | 9.704 ± 2.586 | 12.86 ± 2.869 | 10.67 ± 3.386 | 11.59 ± 1.884 | 7.936 ± 3.422 | 7.568 ± 1.839 | 9.584 ± 3.593 | 7.978 ± 2.508 |
| Retina | 161.2 ± 38.52 | 153.4 ± 52.74 | 161.3 ± 30.87 | 197.2 ± 42.03 | 138.1 ± 27.51 | 166.2 ± 20.10 | 184.1 ± 25.68a | 184.1 ± 31.34a |
| Vitreous humor | 55.53 ± 18.10 | 51.12 ± 15.29 | 48.40 ± 13.74 | 65.70 ± 16.15 | 40.69 ± 1.939 | 59.70 ± 17.77 | 55.29 ± 14.97 | 60.10 ± 15.10 |
| Olfactory bulb | 18.58 ± 6.127 | 26.77 ± 14.24 | 23.47 ± 11.87 | 25.26 ± 13.44 | 15.74 ± 2.848 | 17.04 ± 4.781 | 17.38 ± 4.052 | 16.57 ± 2.744 |
| Striatum | 9.636 ± 2.148 | 9.643 ± 1.677 | 11.16 ± 3.700 | 11.58 ± 2.340 | 7.375 ± 2.047 | 6.979 ± 1.390 | 6.956 ± 1.072 | 7.978 ± 2.517 |
| Frontal cortex | 9.605 ± 3.311 | 11.22 ± 3.896 | 9.428 ± 4.862 | 11.09 ± 2.339 | 5.973 ± 1.285 | 6.161 ± 0.789 | 6.422 ± 1.225 | 6.029 ± 0.578 |
| Hypothalamus | 21.42 ± 6.130 | 24.46 ± 6.736 | 50.96 ± 27.71a | 23.12 ± 4.293b | 10.50 ± 2.365 | 12.04 ± 2.413 | 16.85 ± 3.627a | 15.51 ± 2.898a |
| Hippocampus | 7.753 ± 1.220 | 9.704 ± 0.950 | 11.73 ± 3.021a | 12.06 ± 2.466a | 6.070 ± 1.327 | 7.029 ± 1.186 | 8.580 ± 1.862a | 6.594 ± 0.875b |
| Thalamus | 10.05 ± 2.202 | 10.41 ± 2.625 | 8.770 ± 3.176 | 10.54 ± 2.138 | 7.135 ± 0.815 | 7.107 ± 1.435 | 6.421 ± 0.632 | 6.402 ± 0.674 |
| Parietal cortex | 8.412 ± 2.212 | 10.78 ± 3.310 | 9.458 ± 3.105 | 10.79 ± 2.743 | 6.235 ± 1.416 | 6.235 ± 1.369 | 6.413 ± 1.840 | 5.763 ± 0.827 |
| Occipital cortex | 9.764 ± 2.013 | 12.10 ± 3.037 | 10.31 ± 2.756 | 10.53 ± 2.759 | 7.815 ± 1.858 | 6.898 ± 1.683 | 7.451 ± 1.669 | 7.581 ± 1.401 |
| Cerebellum | 8.223 ± 2.127 | 10.12 ± 2.517 | 9.427 ± 3.065 | 10.20 ± 1.709 | 6.832 ± 1.551 | 6.890 ± 1.142 | 8.018 ± 3.389 | 6.654 ± 1.005 |
| Midbrain | 8.889 ± 3.054 | 13.09 ± 5.116 | 10.51 ± 3.445 | 12.87 ± 2.407 | 7.309 ± 1.458 | 7.321 ± 1.706 | 7.913 ± 1.991 | 6.774 ± 1.046 |
| Pons-medulla | 11.95 ± 4.057 | 13.90 ± 3.024 | 11.78 ± 4.316 | 14.71 ± 3.700 | 9.642 ± 1.321 | 10.92 ± 2.397 | 11.92 ± 6.198 | 10.24 ± 2.984 |
14C-sucrose was used to assess permeability after TPM treatment
Units, µL/g. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Significance was determined by a one-way analysis of variance followed by Newman–Keuls post-test
LF low-fat diet + saline group, LF TPM low-fat diet + topiramate group, HF high-fat diet + saline group, HF TPM high-fat diet + topiramate group
aSignificance in comparison to LF control
bSignificance in comparison to HF