Table 3. Adverse Events, Falls, and Cointerventions.
| Variable | No. (%) | P Value (χ2; 3-Way Omnibus Tests) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical Care | Group Exercise | Manual Therapy/Individualized Exercise | ||
| Minor adverse events at 2 mo (study related but transient/resolved) | ||||
| Total No. | 79 | 67 | 80 | NA |
| Muscle soreness | 5 (6) | 21 (31) | 43 (54) | <.001 |
| Joint soreness | 1 (1) | 11 (16) | 39 (49) | <.001 |
| Gastrointestinal | 5 (6) | 0 | 1 (1) | .04 |
| Drowsiness | 5 (6) | 0 | 0 | .01 |
| Dry mouth | 4 (5) | 0 | 0 | .04 |
| Headache | 4 (5) | 0 | 1 (1) | .11 |
| Serious adverse events at 2 mo (study related and requiring outside medical treatment) | 0 | 0 | 0 | >.99 |
| Falls at 6 mo (between end of care and 6 mo) | ||||
| Total No. | 66 | 59 | 65 | NA |
| 0 | 35 (53) | 38 (64) | 34 (52) | .32 |
| 1 | 17 (26) | 15 (25) | 21 (32) | .60 |
| ≥2 | 14 (21) | 6 (10) | 10 (15) | .25 |
| Cointerventions at 6 mo (between end of care and 6 mo) | ||||
| Total No. | 67 | 59 | 65 | |
| Added use of assistive device | 6 (9) | 6 (10) | 10 (15) | .47 |
| Spinal injections | 7 (11) | 8 (14) | 7 (11) | .84 |
| Added or increased pain medications | 8 (12) | 11 (19) | 7 (11) | .39 |
| Stopped or decreased pain medications | 3 (5) | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | .87 |
| Spinal surgery | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | >.99 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.