Table 1. Baseline Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire Cohort (N = 1413) | Severe PAD (n = 283) | PCA (n = 350) | Other ABI Values (n = 780)a | 3 Groupsb | Severe PAD vs PCAc | |
| Year of PAD diagnosis | d | d | ||||
| 1998-2001 | 618 (43.7) | 158 (25.6) | 128 (20.7) | 332 (53.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| 2002-2006 | 507 (35.9) | 77 (15.2) | 127 (25.0) | 303 (59.8) | ||
| 2007-2011 | 288 (20.4) | 48 (16.7) | 95 (33.0) | 145 (50.3) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 70.8 (13.3) | 72.6 (11.5)d | 73.6 (13.9)d | 68.9 (13.4) | <.001 | .34 |
| Women | 633 (44.5) | 142 (50.2) | 149 (42.6) | 342 (43.8) | .12 | .06 |
| Hypertension | 1140 (80.7) | 231 (81.6)d | 314 (89.7)d | 595 (76.3) | <.001 | .005 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 964 (68.2) | 189 (66.8) | 233 (66.6) | 542 (69.5) | .55 | .90 |
| Diabetes | 596 (42.2) | 93 (32.9) | 232 (66.3)d | 271 (34.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 370 (26.2) | 72 (25.4)d | 149 (42.3)d | 149 (19.1) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 383 (27.1) | 78 (27.6) | 111 (31.7) d | 194 (24.9) | .06 | .26 |
| Heart failure | 425 (30.1) | 85 (30.0)d | 154 (44.0) d | 186 (23.8) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 528 (37.4) | 124 (43.8)d | 132 (37.7) | 272 (34.9) | .03 | .12 |
| Current smoking | 358 (25.3) | 100 (35.3)d | 34 (9.7)d | 224 (28.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Antiplatelet agentse | 842 (59.6) | 190 (67.1)d | 212 (60.6) | 440 (56.4) | .004 | .07 |
| Statinsf | 626 (44.3) | 124 (43.8) | 147 (42.0) | 335 (42.9) | .55 | .62 |
| ACE inhibitors or ARBse | 638 (45.2) | 130 (45.9) | 198 (56.7)c | 310 (39.7) | <.001 | .009 |
| No. of guideline strategies | d | |||||
| 0 | 73 (5.2) | 11 (3.9) | 8 (2.3) | 54 (6.9) | <.001 | .03 |
| 1 | 295 (20.9) | 59 (20.8) | 58 (16.6) | 178 (22.8) | ||
| 2 | 424 (30.0) | 93 (32.9) | 98 (28.0) | 233 (29.9) | ||
| 3 | 416 (29.4) | 84 (29.7) | 114 (32.6) | 218 (27.9) | ||
| 4 | 189 (13.4) | 32 (11.3) | 68 (19.4) | 89 (11.4) | ||
| Claudication | 507 (35.9) | 120 (42.4) | 48 (13.7)d | 339 (43.5) | <.001 | <.001 |
| CLI | 349 (25.0) | 84 (29.7)d | 139 (39.7)d | 126 (16.2) | <.001 | .009 |
| Median follow-up time, (interquartile range), y | 6.3 (3.2-10.1) | 5.9 (2.8-9.2)d | 4.4 (1.9-8.0)d | 7.5 (4.4-10.9) | <.001 | <.001 |
| 1-y Limb revascularization rates, % (No. of events)g | ||||||
| Patients with CLI | 24 (81)h | 42 (34)d,h | 24 (31)h | 13 (16) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Patients without CLI | 15 (162) | 28 (56)d | 8 (17)d | 14 (89) | <.001 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle-brachial index; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CLI, critical limb ischemia; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PCA, poorly compressible arteries.
a
Reference group.
b
Analysis of variance test for continuous variables, χ2 for categorical variables, and log-rank test for revascularization rates.
c
Two-sample t test for continuous variables, χ2 test for categorical variables, and log-rank test for revascularization rates.
d
P < .05 for severe PAD and PCA vs other ABI.
e
Fourteen patients missing data on antiplatelet agents and ACE inhibitors.
f
Sixteen patients missing data for statins.
g
Percentages are based on Kaplan-Meier method.
h
Log-rank P < .01 vs without CLI.