Table 1. Sample Summary Statistics According to Percentiles Based on the Cases With Anesthesia Times Ending in a Multiple of 5.

Variable	Top Fifth Percentile (n = 212)		Top 6th to 10th Percentiles (n = 211)		Remaining Practitioners (n = 3798)
	Practitioners	P Valuea	Practitioners	P Valuea
Type of institution, No. (%) [SE]
University hospital	50 (23.6) [2.9]	<.001	56 (26.5) [3.0]	<.001	347 (9.1) [0.5]
Community hospital	150 (70.7) [3.1]	.56	140 (66.4) [3.3]	.05	2757 (72.6) [0.7]
Specialty hospitals and surgery centers	12 (5.7) [1.6]	<.001	15 (7.1) [1.8]	<.001	694 (18.2) [0.6]
US Census region, No. (%) [SE]
Northeast	111 (52.4) [3.4]	<.001	39 (18.5) [2.7]	<.001	377 (9.9) [0.5]
Midwest	35 (16.5) [2.6]	<.001	93 (44.1) [3.4]	<.001	1119 (29.4) [0.7]
South	36 (17.0) [2.6]	<.001	45 (21.3) [2.8]	.02	1101 (29.0) [0.7]
West	30 (14.2) [2.4]	<.001	34 (16.1) [2.5]	<.001	1201 (31.6) [0.8]
Patient characteristics, mean [SE], %
Age, y	50.8 [0.6]	.47	52.1 [0.6]	.02	50.2 [0.2]
Male	38.7 [0.7]	<.001	41.9 [0.7]	.31	42.5 [0.1]
Patient comorbidities, mean [SE], %
Congestive heart failure	1.0 [0.1]	<.001	0.8 [0.1]	.09	0.7 [0.02]
Peripheral vascular disease	0.8 [0.1]	.21	1.0 [0.2]	.02	0.7 [0.02]
Hypertension	11.9 [0.9]	<.001	5.7 [0.6]	.27	5.1 [0.1]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	0	.41	0	.63	0
Diabetes	5.1 [0.4]	<.001	3.0 [0.3]	.006	2.3 [0.1]
Chronic kidney disease	2.4 [0.2]	<.001	1.6 [0.1]	<.001	1.2 [0.0]
Cancer	3.9 [0.2]	.59	4.8 [0.3]	.002	4.1 [0.1]
Cerebrovascular disease	0.4 [0.04]	.06	0.4 [0.04]	.11	0.3 [0.01]
Dementia	0.01 [0.0]	.26	0.002 [0.001]	.05	0.01 [0.001]
Myocardial infarction	0.2 [0.04]	.76	0.2 [0.03]	.98	0.2 [0.01]
Liver disease	0.4 [0.06]	.74	0.6 [0.07]	.007	0.4 [0.01]
Alcohol abuse	0.1 [0.01]	.62	0.08 [0.01]	.69	0.08 [0.003]
Drug abuse	0.05 [0.01]	.44	0.03 [0.01]	.31	0.04 [0.002]
Schizophrenia	0.07 [0.01]	.13	0.1 [0.06]	.43	0.2 [0.02]
Depression	1.1 [0.2]	.03	1.3 [0.3]	.13	1.9 [0.09]

^aP values represent the statistical significance of the difference between the given group and remaining practitioners.