Table 2. Unconditional Model Estimating Effect Sizes for Measures of Social-Emotional Functioning.

Outcome Category	No. of Effects	Cohen d (SE) [95% CI]	z Value	I2 Value		τ2 Value		Q Statistica	ICC
				Between	Within	Between	Within
All	391	0.38 (0.07) [0.24-0.51]	5.33a	78.38	14.34	0.29	0.05	2422.60	0.85
Social competence	115	0.30 (0.06) [0.18-0.42]	4.93a	59.02	26.58	0.11	0.05	782.33	0.69
Emotional competence	54	0.54 (0.16) [0.22 -0.86]	3.33a	59.71	36.83	0.54	0.33	714.42	0.62
Problem behaviors and emotions	170	0.19 (0.04) [0.11-0.28]	4.43a	56.64	18.63	0.06	0.02	676.79	0.75
Self-regulation	16	0.28 (0.09) [0.11 -0.46]	3.12a	20.54	58.88	0.02	0.07	83.82	0.25
Early learning outcomes	36	0.18 (0.08) [0.02-0.33]	2.18b	65.63	14.33	0.07	0.01	111.34	0.82

Abbreviation: ICC, intraclass correlation.

^aP < .001.

^bP < .05.