Table 3. Metaregression Predicting Effect Sizes for Measures of Social-Emotional Functioning.
| Moderators for Each Category | Analysis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single Moderators | All Significant Moderators | Only Significant Moderators | |||||||
| Ba (SE) | z Value | P Value | Ba (SE) | z Value | P Value | Ba (SE) | z Value | P Value | |
| All Outcomes | |||||||||
| Publication status | 0.05 (0.19) | 0.25 | .80 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Program’s age | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.14 | .89 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Randomization | −0.15 (0.14) | −1.09 | .28 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pretest | −0.12 (0.08) | −1.40 | .16 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Age of children | 0.13 (0.06) | 2.19 | .03 | 0.03 (0.07) | 0.50 | .62 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.50 | .14 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SES | −0.12 (0.14) | −0.85 | .40 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Instruction time, min/wk | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.08 | .28 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Length of program, wk | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.47 | .64 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Intervention leaderb | −0.28 (0.14) | −2.02 | .04 | −0.25 (0.15) | −1.70 | .09 | NA | NA | NA |
| Mode of deliveryc | −0.30 (0.20) | −1.49 | .14 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parental involvement | 0.11 (0.15) | 0.74 | .46 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parent informant | −0.23 (0.05) | −4.25 | <.001 | −0.19 (0.05) | −3.57 | <.001 | −0.19 (0.06) | −3.34 | <.001 |
| Teacher informant | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.39 | .70 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Skills-based measure | 0.20 (0.05) | 4.22 | <.001 | 0.15 (0.05) | 3.13 | .002 | 0.16 (0.05) | 3.31 | .001 |
| Study qualityd | −0.33 (0.15) | −2.18 | .03 | −0.32 (0.16) | −1.92 | .05 | NA | NA | NA |
| Social Competence | |||||||||
| Publication status | −0.05 (0.20) | 0.26 | .80 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Program’s age | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.27 | .79 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Randomization | −0.02 (0.13) | −0.15 | .88 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pretest | −0.19 (0.15) | −1.27 | .22 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Age of children | 0.10 (0.05) | 2.06 | .04 | 0.07 (0.04) | 1.65 | .10 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.56 | .13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SES | −0.16 (0.12) | −1.28 | .20 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Instruction time, min/wk | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.20 | .23 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Length of program, wk | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.53 | .60 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Intervention leaderb | −0.43 (0.13) | −3.28 | .001 | −0.35 (0.10) | −3.61 | <.001 | −0.38 (0.13) | −3.10 | .002e |
| Mode of deliveryc | −0.31 (0.19) | −1.63 | .10 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parental involvement | 0.04 (0.12) | 0.39 | .70 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parent informant | −0.13 (0.10) | −1.38 | .17 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Teacher informant | −0.15 (0.08) | −2.00 | .05 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Skills-based measure | 0.35 (0.10) | 3.51 | <.001 | 0.27 (0.10) | 2.72 | .006 | 0.32 (0.10) | 3.33 | .002e |
| Study qualityd | −0.15 (0.13) | −1.13 | .26 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Emotional Competence | |||||||||
| Publication status | 0.19 (0.47) | 0.41 | .68 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Program’s age | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.64 | .53 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Randomization | −0.15 (0.36) | −0.42 | .68 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pretest | 0.03 (0.34) | 0.07 | .94 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Age of children | 0.15 (0.14) | 1.08 | .28 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex | −0.02 (0.05) | −0.34 | .73 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SES | −0.27 (0.33) | −0.83 | .41 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Instruction time, min/wk | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.65 | .52 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Length of program, wk | −0.02 (0.02) | −1.18 | .24 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Intervention leaderb | −0.20 (0.36) | −0.55 | .58 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mode of deliveryc | −0.52 (0.46) | −1.13 | .26 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parental involvement | 0.17 (0.34) | 0.49 | .62 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parent informant | −0.25 (0.38) | −0.65 | .51 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Teacher informant | −0.30 (0.27) | −1.12 | .27 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Skills-based measure | 0.44 (0.24) | 1.84 | .07 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Study qualityd | −0.80 (0.32) | −2.48 | .01 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Problem Behaviors and Emotions | |||||||||
| Publication status | −0.02 (0.11) | −0.18 | .85 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Program’s age | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.90 | .37 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Randomization | −0.13 (0.09) | 1.39 | .17 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pretest | −0.14 (0.09) | −1.23 | .22 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Age of children | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.81 | .42 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.12 | .26 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SES | −0.06 (0.09) | −0.70 | .48 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Instruction time, min/wk | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.12 | .91 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Length of program, wk | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.02 | .98 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Intervention leaderb | −0.23 (0.10) | −2.37 | .02 | −0.22 (0.10) | −2.20 | .03 | NA | NA | NA |
| Mode of deliveryc | −0.12 (0.14) | −0.84 | .40 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parental involvement | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.62 | .54 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parent informant | −0.23 (0.06) | −4.09 | <.001 | −0.23 (0.06) | −4.00 | <.001 | NA | NA | NA |
| Teacher informant | 0.10 (0.05) | 1.90 | .06 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Skills-based measure | 0.08 (0.10) | 0.84 | .40 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Study qualityd | −0.06 (0.10) | −0.58 | .56 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Early Learning Outcomes | |||||||||
| Publication status | 0.49 (0.28) | 1.77 | .08 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Program’s age | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.23 | .82 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Randomization | −0.49 (0.28) | −1.77 | .08 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pretest | −0.02 (0.14) | −0.17 | .87 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Age of children | −0.04 (0.09) | −0.51 | .61 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.44 | .66 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SES | −0.30 (0.14) | −2.18 | .03 | −0.21 (0.145) | −1.51 | .13 | NA | NA | NA |
| Instruction time, min/wk | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.36 | .72 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Length of program, wk | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.20 | .84 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Intervention leaderb | −0.25 (0.16) | 1.58 | .11 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mode of deliveryc | −0.35 (0.16) | −2.16 | .03 | −0.26 (0.17) | −1.58 | .12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Parental involvement | −0.05 (0.18) | −0.30 | .77 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parent informant | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Teacher informant | −0.49 (0.29) | 1.67 | .10 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Skills-based measure | 0.15 (0.20) | 0.74 | .46 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Study qualityd | −0.49 (0.30) | 1.67 | .10 | 0.14 (0.21) | 0.67 | .50 | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; SES, socioeconomic status.
a
Unstandardized β.
b
Includes specialist, researcher, or teacher.
c
Includes small group or classroom.
d
Includes low, medium, or high.