Table 2. Prevalence of Cumulative Childhood Trauma and Association With Adult Psychiatric Problemsa.
| Psychiatric Problem | Participants, No. (%) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 Exposures | 1 Exposure | 2 Exposures | ≥3 Exposures | Sex and Race/Ethnicity | Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Psychiatric Disorders, and Adversities | |
| Any disorder | 100 (37.6) | 156 (49.5) | 120 (47.1) | 154 (54.1) | 1.2 (1.0-1.4)b | 1.3 (1.0-1.5)b |
| Any anxiety disorder | 27 (12.9) | 56 (18.3) | 47 (14.6) | 64 (26.5) | 1.3 (1.0-1.5)b | 1.3 (1.0-1.7)b |
| Any depressive disorder | 19 (8.2) | 36 (11.1) | 30 (6.9) | 55 (17.8) | 1.3 (1.0-1.6)b | 1.2 (1.0-1.6) |
| Any substance disorder | 36 (27.1) | 66 (36.8) | 49 (35.7) | 87 (35.9) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 1.2 (1.0-1. 4) |
a
All percentages are weighted and sample sizes are unweighted. Cumulative trauma exposure is treated as a continuous variable. Psychiatric diagnoses include childhood depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance disorder. Childhood adversities include low socioeconomic status, familial instability, family dysfunction, and being bullied by peers.
b
P < .05.