Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for All Variables Included in the Analyses.
| Characteristic | Data (N = 34 458) | |
|---|---|---|
| Wave 1 | Wave 2 | |
| Sociodemographic information | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 46.0 (17.4) | 49.0 (17.3) |
| Female, No. (%) | 19 977 (58.0) | NA |
| White, No. (%) | 20 079 (58.3) | NA |
| Annual personal income, No. (%), $a | ||
| ≤19 999 | 16 273 (47.2) | 15 096 (43.8) |
| 20 000-34 999 | 8064 (23.4) | 8043 (23.3) |
| 35 000-69 999 | 7606 (22.1) | 8142 (23.6) |
| ≥70 000 | 2515 (7.3) | 3177 (9.2) |
| Educational level of some college or more, No. (%) | 18 869 (54.8) | 19 597 (56.9) |
| Childhood adversity, No. (%)b | ||
| Physical abuse | NA | 12 213 (35.4) |
| Sexual abuse | NA | 4228 (12.3) |
| Endangerment | NA | 6148 (17.8) |
| Exposure to domestic violence | NA | 5580 (16.2) |
| Emotional abuse | NA | 8174 (23.7) |
| Neglect | NA | 4626 (13.4) |
| Parental dysfunction | ||
| Serious mental illness | NA | 2384 (6.9) |
| Substance abuse | NA | 8122 (23.6) |
| Incarceration | NA | 2476 (7.2) |
| Psychopathology domain, No. (%)c | ||
| Internalizing-distress | ||
| Major depression | 2848 (8.3) | 3016 (8.8) |
| Generalized anxiety | 816 (2.4) | 1361 (3.9) |
| Dysthymia | 814 (2.4) | 477 (1.4) |
| Internalizing-fear | ||
| Panic and agoraphobia | 232 (0.7) | 303 (0.9) |
| Social phobia | 1000 (2.9) | 943 (2.7) |
| Specific phobia | 2595 (7.5) | 2755 (8.0) |
| Externalizing | ||
| Alcohol use disorder | 1168 (3.4) | 1430 (4.1) |
| Tobacco use disorder | 4004 (11.6) | 4506 (13.1) |
| Marijuana use disorder | 99 (0.3) | 113 (0.3) |
| Other drug use disorder | 105 (0.3) | 153 (0.4) |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 1149 (3.3) | 1221 (3.5) |
| Life stressc | ||
| Proximal trauma | 980 (2.8) | 1892 (5.5) |
| Major events, No. (%) | ||
| Death of a loved one | 11 240 (32.6) | 11 613 (33.7) |
| Being fired or laid off | 2136 (6.2) | 1885 (5.5) |
| Long-term unemployment | 3013 (8.7) | 3166 (9.2) |
| Getting divorced or separated | 2262 (6.6) | 1855 (5.4) |
| Experiencing a financial crisis | 4075 (11.8) | 4691 (13.6) |
| Minor events, No. (%) | ||
| Experiencing legal troubles | 1917 (5.6) | 2687 (7.8) |
| Changes in housing | 5021 (14.6) | 7076 (20.5) |
| Work troubles | 2882 (8.4) | 2806 (8.1) |
| Job changes | 7463 (21.6) | 7203 (20.9) |
| Relationship problems | 1991 (5.8) | 2003 (5.8) |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Variable included in the analyses had 18 income brackets that are summarized herein.
b
Analyzed as a count variable categorized into no (0 endorsed childhood adversity categories), low (1-2 childhood adversity categories), and high (≥3 childhood adversity categories) exposures in wave 2.
c
Estimated in a latent variable framework described in the Statistical Analysis subsection of the Methods section.