Table 2. Outcomes of Late PN vs Early PN in Children Undernourished on Admission.
| Outcome | No. (%) | P Value | Adjusted OR or Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early PN (n = 139) | Late PN (n = 150) | ||||
| Primary end points | |||||
| New infections | 31 (22.3) | 17 (11.3) | .02 | 0.39 (0.19-0.78)b | .01 |
| Airway | 16 (11.5) | 8 (5.3) | .09 | ||
| Bloodstream | 7 (5.0) | 2 (1.3) | .09 | ||
| Urinary tract | 1 (0.7) | 0 | .48 | ||
| Soft tissue | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | >.99 | ||
| No focus identified | 4 (2.9) | 4 (2.7) | >.99 | ||
| Other focus | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.4) | .94 | ||
| Duration of PICU stay, median (IQR), d | 6 (3-11) | 4 (2-8) | .01 | 1.37 (1.06-1.75)c | .01 |
| Secondary safety end points | |||||
| Death | |||||
| During first wk | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | >.99 | 0 (0 to >100)b | .35 |
| During PICU stay | 5 (3.6) | 5 (3.3) | .90 | 0.70 (0.16-3.77)b | .75 |
| During hospital stay | 9 (6.5) | 7 (4.7) | .50 | 0.58 (0.17-1.97)b | .39 |
| 90-d mortality | 9 (6.5) | 8 (5.3) | .80 | 0.74 (0.23-2.34)b | .60 |
| Hypoglycemia (blood glucose <40 mg/dL) during first wk after randomization | 12 (8.6) | 20 (13.3) | .26 | 1.74 (0.75-4.06)b | .20 |
| Deterioration of weight z score during PICU staye | 30 (57.7) | 23 (47.9) | .33 | 0.60 (0.25-1.41)b | .24 |
| Secondary efficacy end points, median (IQR), d | |||||
| Duration of mechanical ventilatory support | 3 (2-7) | 2.5 (1-5) | .10 | 1.39 (1.09-1.77)c | .01 |
| Duration of hospital stay | 14 (8-30) | 10 (7-22) | .03 | 1.37 (1.07-1.75)c | .01 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; PN, parenteral nutrition.
SI conversion factor: to convert blood glucose concentrations to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555.
a
Adjusted for baseline risk factors center, age, diagnosis group, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score, and Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth category.
c
Values are adjusted OR (95% CI).
d
Values are adjusted HR (95% CI).
e
Available in 100 children, 52 in the early PN group and 48 in the late PN group.