Table. Characteristics of Recruited Studies.
| Source | Diagnosis | Comparison | Participants, No. | Anxiety Scale | Age, Mean (SD), y | Female, No. (%) | Omega-3 Dosage, mg/d | Dropout Rate, No./Total No. | Treatment Duration, wk | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Watanabe et al,47 2018 | Junior nurses work in hospital | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
40 40 |
HADS-A | 29.6 (9.1) 30.5 (7.8) |
40 (100.0) 40 (100.0) |
1800.0 | 0/40 3/40 |
13 | Japan |
| Cornu et al,48 2018 | Children with ADHD | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
80 82 |
Conners | 10.2 (2.8) 9.7 (2.5) |
19 (23.7) 16 (19.5) |
600.0 | 3/80 1/82 |
12 | France |
| Matsuoka et al,49 2015 | Severe accidental injury | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
53 57 |
CAPS | 38.1 (13.5) 40.9 (17.3) |
9 (17.0) 11 (19.3) |
2100.0 | 8/53 6/57 |
12 | Japan |
| Bellino et al,50 2014 | Borderline personality disorders | Omega-3 PUFA + valproate Control + valproate |
18 16 |
HAM-A | 25.2 (6.4) | 26 (76.5) | 2000.0 | 5/23 4/20 |
12 | Italy |
| Cohen et al,51 2014 | Generally healthy participants | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
177 178 |
GAD-7 | 54.7 (3.7) | 177 (100.0) 178 (100.0) |
1800.0 | 4/177 5/178 |
12 | United States |
| Pomponi et al,52 2014 | Parkinson disease | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
12 12 |
HAM-A | 64.0 (4.9) 64.0 (9.8) |
5 (41.7) 6 (50.0) |
2000.0 | 0/12 0/12 |
24 | Italy |
| Widenhorn-Müller et al,53 2014 | Children with ADHD | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
46 49 |
CBCL-A | 8.9 (1.5) 8.9 (1.2) |
11 (23.9) 10 (20.4) |
720.0 | 7/55 6/55 |
16 | Germany |
| Haberka et al,35 2013 | AMI | Omega-3 PUFA + AMI treatment Control + AMI treatment |
26 26 |
STAI | 56.4 59.6 (6.0) |
3 (11.5) 4 (15.4) |
1000.0 | 0/26 0/26 |
4 | Poland |
| Nishi et al,54 2013 | Disaster-related trauma | Omega-3 PUFA + education Education |
86 86 |
IES-R | 37.9 (7.4) 37.4 (7.4) |
24 (27.9) 23 (26.7) |
2240.0 | 0/86 1/86 |
12.6 | Japan |
| Sauder et al,55 2013 | Healthy, nonsmoking men and postmenopausal women with moderate hypertriglyceridemia | Omega-3 PUFA (3.4 g/d) Omega-3 PUFA (0.85 g/d) Placebo |
26 26 26 |
STAI-state | 44.0 | 3 (11.5) | 3400.0 850.0 |
0/26 0/26 0/26 |
8 | United States |
| Sohrabi et al,56 2013 | Women with premenstrual syndrome | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
63 61 |
VASA | 31.2 (6.5) 31.6 (8.4) |
63 (100.0) 61 (100.0) |
1000.0 | 7/70 8/69 |
12 | Iran |
| Gabbay et al,57 2012 | Tourette syndrome | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
17 16 |
C-YBOCS | 11.9 (3.6) 10.6 (2.3) |
3 (17.6) 3 (18.8) |
4074.0 | 3/17 5/16 |
20 | United States |
| Kiecolt-Glaser et al,36 2011 | Generally healthy participants | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
34 34 |
BAI | 23.9 (2.0) 23.4 (1.7) |
16 (47.1) 14 (41.2) |
2496.0 | 0/34 0/34 |
12 | United States |
| Buydens-Branchey et al,34 2008 | Substance abuse | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
11 11 |
POMS | NA | 0 0 |
3000.0 | 0/11 0/11 |
12 | United States |
| Freund-Levi et al,58 2008 | Alzheimer disease | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
89 85 |
NPI | 72.6 (9.0) 72.9 (8.6) |
51 (57.3) 39 (45.9) |
2320.0 | 12/103 14/101 |
24 | Sweden |
| Rogers et al,59 2008 | Mild to severe depression | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
109 109 |
DASS | 38.0 (13.5) 38.2 (13.7) |
85 (78.0) 83 (76.1) |
2369.5 | 13/109 15/109 |
12 | United Kingdom |
| van de Rest et al,60 2008 | Elderly volunteers | Omega-3 PUFA (1.8 g/d) Omega-3 PUFA (0.4 g/d) Placebo |
96 100 106 |
HADS-A | 69.9 (3.4) 69.5 (3.2) 70.1 (3.7) |
43 (44.8) 45 (45.0) 47 (44.3) |
1800.0 400.0 |
0/96 0/100 3/106 |
26 | Netherlands |
| Yehuda et al,61 2005 | Undergraduate college students with test anxiety | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
88 38 |
TAS | NA | NA | 225.0 | 0/88 0/38 |
3 | Israel |
| Fux et al,33 2004 | Obsessive-compulsive disorder | Omega-3 PUFA Placebo |
6 5 |
YBOCS | 33.5 (5) | 8 (72.7) | 2000.0 | 1/11 | 6 | Israel |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BAI, Beck anxiety index; CAPS, clinician-administered posttraumatic stress disorder scale; CBCL-A, Child Behavior Checklist anxiety subscale; C-YBOCS, children’s Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale; DASS, depression, anxiety, and stress scales; GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale; HAM-A, Hamilton anxiety rating scale; IES-R, impact of event scale-revised; NA, not available; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; POMS, profiles of mood states; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; STAI, state-trait anxiety inventory; TAS, test anxiety severity; VASA, visual analog scale of anxiety; YBOCS, Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale.