Table 3. Other Study Outcomesa.
| Variable | TI | UC | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 228) | 6 mo (n = 206) | 12 mo (n = 197) | 18 mo (n = 188) | 54 mo (n = 162) | Baseline (n = 222) | 6 mo (n = 197) | 12 mo (n = 191) | 18 mo (n = 182) | 54 mo (n = 164) | |
| No. of BP medication classes, mean | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.1 |
| Change from baseline, mean (95% CI) | NA | 0.68 (0.55 to 0.81)b | 0.67 (0.52 to 0.82)b | 0.65 (0.50 to 0.79)c | 0.63 (0.46 to 0.79) | NA | 0.16 (0.03 to 0.29) | 0.22 (0.07 to 0.37) | 0.28 (0.13 to 0.42) | 0.64 (0.47 to 0.80) |
| Used home BP monitor in past 12 mo at baseline and in past 6 mo otherwise, % | 50.6 | 94.1 | 95.4 | 71.4 | 59.6 | 42.8 | 43.7 | 42.8 | 50.7 | 50.0 |
| Change, % (95% CI) | NA | 43.5 (38.7 to 46.2)b | 44.8 (40.0 to 47.0)b | 20.8 (11.8 to 28.5) | 9.2 (−1.0 to 18.6) | NA | 0.9 (−8.4 to 10.6) | 0.0 (−10.3 to 10.2) | 7.0 (−2.6 to 17.0) | 7.2 (−2.9 to 17.2) |
| Can include home BP monitoring in weekly routine, mean scored | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.5 |
| Change, mean (95% CI) | NA | 0.16 (−0.04 to 0.37)b | −0.34 (−0.54 to 0.14)c | −0.51 (−0.72 to 0.30) | −0.60 (−0.84 to −0.36) | NA | −0.69 (−0.90 to 0.48) | −0.77 (−0.97 to 0.57) | −0.50 (−0.71 to 0.28) | −0.93 (−1.17 to −0.69) |
| Can follow medication regimen, mean scored | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Change, mean (95% CI) | NA | 0.05 (−0.05 to 0.15)e | −0.08 (−0.20 to 0.05) | 0.05 (−0.06 to 0.16) | 0.01 (−0.09 to 0.10) | NA | −0.15 (−0.26 to 0.04) | −0.09 (−0.21 to 0.04) | −0.07 (−0.19 to 0.04) | −0.03 (−0.13 to 0.06) |
| Can keep BP under control, mean scored | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Change, mean (95% CI) | NA | 0.40 (0.24 to 0.55)c | 0.34 (0.19 to 0.50)c | 0.47 (0.30 to 0.63)e | 0.42 (0.24 to 0.60) | NA | 0.01 (−0.15 to 0.16) | 0.01 (−0.14 to 0.17) | 0.15 (−0.02 to 0.32) | 0.19 (0.02 to 0.37) |
| Add salt after served at table daily or more often, % | 21.1 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 19.4 | 18.9 | 20.9 | 19.3 | 16.5 |
| Change, % (95% CI) | NA | −10.8 (−14.9 to −4.4)e | −10.7 (−14.8 to −4.1)e | −8.8 (−13.5 to −1.6) | −8.1 (−13.2 to −0.3) | NA | −0.5 (−8.2 to 6.9) | 1.4 (−5.8 to 10.2) | −0.2 (−7.0 to 8.7) | −3.1 (−9.2 to 5.6) |
| Add salt when preparing food daily or more often, % | 27.3 | 15.3 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 23.3 | 25.4 | 24.6 | 23.3 | 8.2 |
| Change, % (95% CI) | NA | −12.0 (−17.3 to −4.7)e | −13.9 (−18.6 to −6.7)e | −13.5 (−18.4 to −6.2)e | −12.4 (−17.9 to −0.5) | NA | 2.1 (−5.5 to 11.5) | 1.3 (−6.3 to 10.5) | 0.0 (−8.3 to 9.4) | −5.0 (−11.3 to 3.8) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; NA, not applicable; TI, telemonitoring intervention; UC, usual care.
a
Model-based results from general and generalized linear mixed models predicting outcome from treatment group, time, and the treatment group by time interaction. P values from the treatment group by time interaction indicate differential change by study group from baseline to 6 months, baseline to 12 months, baseline to 18 months, or baseline to 54 months.
b
P < .001.
c
P < .01.
d
Items answered on scale of 1 to 5, with 1 indicating “not confident” and 5 indicating “very confident.”10
e
P < .05.