Table 2. Characteristics of Legal Intervention Injury Visits Among Males Aged 14 to 64 Years From 2005 to 2006 and 2014 to 2015.
| Injury Characteristic | No. (%)a | P Valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-2016 (n = 14 324) | 2014-2015 (n = 15 458) | ||
| Disposition, visit type | |||
| Outpatient, ED | 13 541 (94.5) | 14 449 (93.5) | <.001 |
| Inpatient, admitted through ED | 621 (4.3) | 864 (5.6) | <.001 |
| Inpatient, not through ED | 162 (1.1) | 145 (0.94) | .10 |
| Died | 58 (0.4) | 40 (0.3) | .03 |
| Mechanism | |||
| Blunt object/cutting | 1902 (13.3) | 1596 (10.3) | <.001 |
| Firearms | 997 (7.0) | 564 (3.7) | <.001 |
| Blow/manhandling | 9943 (65.9) | 11 497 (74.4) | <.001 |
| Unspecified | 1624 (11.3) | 1264 (8.2) | <.001 |
| Other | 358 (2.5) | 537 (3.5) | <.001 |
| Primary diagnosis | |||
| Contusions | 5217 (36.4) | 4466 (28.9) | <.001 |
| Open wound, head | 1921 (13.4) | 1647 (10.6) | <.001 |
| Medical examination | 1107 (7.7) | 1660 (10.7) | <.001 |
| Sprains | 1163 (8.1) | 1147 (7.4) | .02 |
| Other external cause | 854 (6.0) | 1391 (9.0) | <.001 |
| Open wound, extremities | 1045 (7.3) | 1163 (7.5) | .45 |
| Fracture, upper limb | 455 (3.2) | 446 (2.9) | .14 |
| Any mental health diagnosis | 1375 (9.6) | 4086 (26.4) | <.001 |
| Any mental health diagnosis, assaults not associated with legal intervention | 12 574 (8.6) | 37 037 (24.6) | <.001 |
| Alcohol use disorder and/or SUD diagnosis | 2232 (15.6) | 3435 (22.2) | <.001 |
| SUD diagnosis, assaults not associated with legal interventionc | 19 164 (13.1) | 28 079 (18.6) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; SUD, substance use disorder.
Each time period contains equal numbers of months. The 2006 data only include the first 9 months of the year for consistency with the 2015 data. These periods were created to account for the shift from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification in October 2015, at which point injury codes may not be comparable with previous periods. Primary diagnosis is based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Classifications Software codes that were merged on to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, reported for the primary diagnosis.
P values are based on t tests of means between the 2 periods.
Mental health and SUD also used Clinical Classifications Software codes, but incorporated all available diagnoses including primary diagnosis and up to 24 other diagnosis recorded in the discharge abstract.