Fig. 9.

EFV activation of IRE1α-XBP1. Treatment with EFV results in the activation of IRE1α and subsequently IRE1α-catalyzed mRNA splicing of XBP1. In addition, EFV exposure causes formation of reactive oxygen species, an event that can lead to the activation of ER stress response, including the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling axis (Hanada et al., 2007). Reactive oxygen species production may drive the activation IRE1α-XBP1 by EFV, though a direct link between these two events remains to be established. STF 083010 inhibition of XBP1 splicing by IRE1α during incubation with EFV results in decreased EFV-mediated hepatocyte death.