Table 1. Overview of commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and their electrophysiological targets.
Only targets with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of a similar order of magnitude as that of the primary target are listed [12].
| Class | AAD | Primary target | Other targets | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IA | Quinidine | INa (intermediate kinetics) | IKr, Ito | |
| IB | Lidocaine | INa (fast kinetics) | ||
| IB | Mexiletine | INa (fast kinetics) | ||
| IB | Ranolazine | INa | IKr, RyR2, ICa,L | Preferentially inhibiting INaL |
| IC | Flecainide | INa (slow kinetics) | IKr, RyR2 | |
| IC | Propafenone | INa (slow kinetics) | IKr, RyR2, βAR | |
| II | Metoprolol | β1AR | ||
| II | Nebivolol | β1AR | RyR2, NOS | |
| II | Carvedilol | βAR | RyR2, αAR | |
| III | Amiodarone | IKr | IK,ACh, IK2P, ICa,L, INa, βAR, αAR, M2R | Exhibits effects of all four classes |
| III | Dronedarone | IKr | IK,ACh, IK2P, ICa,L, INa, βAR, αAR | Exhibits effects of all four classes |
| III | Dofetilide | IKr | ||
| III | Sotalol | IKr | βAR | |
| III | Vernakalant | IKr | INa, IKur, IK2P | |
| IV | Verapamil | ICa,L | IKr | |
| V | Ivabradine | If | ||
| V | Digitalis | INaK |