Table 1.
Licochalcone A metabolites observed following incubations with human liver microsomes and human hepatocytes.
| M1, M2 | M3 | M4, M5 | MG1 | MG2 | MG3 | MG4 | MG5 | MG6 | MG7 | MG8 | MG9 | Sulfate | GSH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human metabolism model | LicA + O | LicA + O | LicA + 2O | Licochalcone A + gluc acid | Licochalcone A + OCH2 + gluc acid | Licochalcone A + O + gluc acid | LicA +SO3 | LicA + GSH | ||||||
| Human liver microsomes + NADPH | √√ | √√ | √ | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human liver microsomes + UDPGA | ND | ND | ND | √√ | √√ | √ | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human hepatocytes | ND | ND | ND | √√ | √√ | √ | √√ | √√ | √√ | √ | √ | √ | √√ | √ |
√√ = major metabolites; √ = minor metabolites; N.D. = not detected