Table 2.

Associations between baseline CAC measures (Agatston score and volume) and incident CAD events

CAC measure (N=292, n events=76)	Unadjusted		Model 1a		Model 2 (full model)b
CAC	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Agatston score
Categorised into four groups
0 (n= 148)	ref		ref		ref
1–99 (n=86)	3.7 (2.0, 6.8)	<0.001	2.9 (1.5, 5.6)	0.001	3.1 (1.6, 6.1)	<0.001
100–399 (n=39)	7.6 (4.0, 14.6)	<0.001	4.9 (2.4, 10.2)	<0.001	4.4 (2.0, 9.5)	<0.001
≥400 (n=19)	9.3 (4.2, 20.6)	<0.001	5.8 (2.4, 14.2)	<0.001	4.8 (1.9, 12.0)	<0.001
Dichotomised
<100 (n=234)	ref		ref		ref
≥100 (n=58)	4.3 (2.7, 6.9)	<0.001	2.8 (1.6, 4.8)	<0.001	2.3 (1.3, 4.1)	0.005
Continuous
Log (CAC)	1.9 (1.6, 2.3)	<0.001	1.7 (1.3, 2.1)	<0.001	1.6 (1.3, 2.0)	<0.001
Volume
Categorised into four groups
0 (n=148)	ref		ref		ref
1–99 (n=87)	3.8 (2.0, 7.0)	<0.001	3.0 (1.6, 5.8)	<0.001	3.2 (1.7, 6.3)	<0.001
100–399 (n=39)	7.1 (3.7, 13.7)	<0.001	4.4 (2.1, 9.3)	<0.001	3.9 (1.8, 8.5)	<0.001
≥400 (n=18)	11.0 (4.9, 24.6)	<0.001	6.5 (2.7, 16.2)	<0.001	5.4 (2.1, 14.1)	<0.001
Dichotomised
<100 (n=235)	ref		ref		ref
≥100 (n=57)	4.2 (2.6, 6.7)	<0.001	2.6 (1.5, 4.5)	<0.001	2.1 (1.2, 3.8)	0.014
Continuous
Loge (CAC)	2.0 (1.7, 2.4)	<0.001	1.8 (1.4, 2.2)	<0.001	1.7 (1.3, 2.1)	<0.001

For continuous variables, HR per SD change is shown

^aModel 1: adjusted for sex, diabetes duration, ever smoking, BMI, HbA_1c and presence of hypertension

^bModel 2: additionally adjusted for urinary AER, HDL- and non-HDL-cholesterol and statin use Ref, reference