. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2018 Nov 14;62(2):259–268. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4764-2

Table 3.

Associations of baseline CAC volume and density with incident CAD in participants with baseline CAC >0, stratified by CAC volume (≥100 vs 1–99)

CAC measure	HR for per SD (95% CI)	p value
Baseline CAC >0 (n= 144, n events=59)
Unadjusted model
Volume	1.8 (1.3, 2.5)	<0.001
Density	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0.220
Adjusted model^a
Volume	1.5 (1.04, 2.2)	0.032
Density	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	0.269
Adjusted model^a + Interaction^b
Volume × density	–	0.061
Subgroup with baseline CAC volume ≥100 (n=57, n events=31)
Unadjusted model
Volume	2.1 (1.0, 4.3)	0.038
Density	0.3 (0.1, 0.9)	0.029
Adjusted model^a
Volume	2.6 (1.02, 6.5)	0.046
Density	0.3 (0.1, 0.9)	0.027
Subgroup with baseline CAC volume 1–99 (n=87, n events=28)
Unadjusted model
Volume	2.8 (0.9, 8.7)	0.084
Density	0.9 (0.5, 1.3)	0.489
Adjusted model^a
Volume	4.7 (1.02, 21.5)	0.048
Density	0.7 (0.3, 1.7)	0.419

Adjusted for sex, diabetes duration, ever smoking, BMI, HbA_1c, cholesterol (HDL and non-HDL), urinary AER, hypertension and the use of statins

Additionally adjusted for interaction term CAC volume × density