Table 2.
Evaluation of ventilation parameters in 17 Michigan nail salons in the fall and winter seasons.
| Season | ID | Women | Men | Manicure | Pedicure | Out-CO2 (ppm) |
In-CO2 (ppm) |
Air flow (m3/min) |
AER (1/h) |
L/s-person*1 | L/s-person*2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fall | NS-1 | 25 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 379 | 1206 | 14.5 | 2.2 | 6.9 | 8.4 |
| NS-2*3 | 22 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 425 | 691 | 36.2 | 5.3 | 19.9 | 25.1 | |
| NS-3 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 375 | 872 | 8.9 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 13.5 | |
| NS-4 | 18 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 451 | 1674 | 6.6 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 5.5 | |
| NS-6 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 421 | 850 | 9.6 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 16.0 | |
| NS-8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 414 | 608 | 9.7 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 32.4 | |
| NS-9 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 419 | 624 | 10.2 | 2.7 | 8.4 | 34.0 | |
| NS-10 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 404 | 914 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 3.8 | 13.1 | |
| NS-12 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 410 | 740 | 5.1 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 21.2 | |
| NS-14*3 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 383 | 409 | 143.5 | 45.2 | 140.7 | 265.7 | |
| NS-15 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 383 | 918 | 4.6 | 1.5 | 4.8 | 12.6 | |
| NS-19 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 399 | 693 | 18.1 | 4.1 | 12.6 | 23.2 | |
| NS-24 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 422 | 849 | 10.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 15.9 | |
| NS-25 | 21 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 446 | 1654 | 7.7 | 2.6 | 8.1 | 5.6 | |
| NS-27 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 444 | 684 | 20.1 | 3.4 | 10.5 | 27.9 | |
| NS-28 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 451 | 1251 | 7.3 | 0.9 | 4.7 | 8.6 | |
| NS-30 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 427 | 803 | 11.5 | 1.8 | 5.7 | 17.5 | |
| Ave | 11 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 415 | 908 | 9.9 | 2.0 | 6.4 | 17.0 | |
| SD | 7 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 24 | 340 | 4.4 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 8.5 | |
| Winter | NS-1 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 401 | 709 | 17.6 | 2.7 | 8.3 | 22.5 |
| NS-2*3 | 20 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 429 | 701 | 33.0 | 4.8 | 18.2 | 25.0 | |
| NS-3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 437 | 785 | 6.8 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 19.0 | |
| NS-4 | 26 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 434 | 2905 | 4.6 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 2.7 | |
| NS-6 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 418 | 790 | 11.0 | 2.1 | 8.2 | 18.3 | |
| NS-8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 396 | 578 | 10.6 | 1.3 | 4.8 | 35.2 | |
| NS-9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 398 | 560 | 13.1 | 3.4 | 10.8 | 43.5 | |
| NS-10 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 425 | 682 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 25.6 | |
| NS-12 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 405 | 851 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 15.0 | |
| NS-14 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 429 | 924 | 6.7 | 2.1 | 6.6 | 13.9 | |
| NS-15 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 410 | 758 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 18.8 | |
| NS-19 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 404 | 847 | 6.4 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 15.2 | |
| NS-24 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 395 | 1464 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 6.4 | |
| NS-25 | 15 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 399 | 1103 | 9.3 | 3.2 | 9.8 | 9.7 | |
| NS-27 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 429 | 869 | 14.0 | 2.4 | 7.3 | 15.6 | |
| NS-28 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 395 | 1313 | 7.6 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 7.4 | |
| NS-30 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 400 | 854 | 11.0 | 1.7 | 5.4 | 15.2 | |
| Ave | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 412 | 1000 | 8.4 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 17.8 | |
| SD | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 542 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 9.8 | |
Assumes occupant density of 25 people per 100 m2. ASHRAE 62–2016 suggests the minimum ventilation rates in breathing zone in beauty and nail salons is 12.4 L/s-person. The activity level (Met) of technicians was set to 1.7, which leads to average CO2 emissions of 0.500 L/min for males and 0.442 L/min for female. Met of customers was set to 1.4, which leads to average CO2 emissions of 0.407 L/min for males and 0.359 L/min for female.
Calculation based on actual occupants there during visits.
NS-14 had open doors during fall visit, and NS-2 had open doors within a mall for both fall and winter visits, which were not included in mean and SD calculation.