Fig. 4.
Photoelectric energy conversion system based on ion pumping in symmetric electrolyte. The electrolyte is 0.001 M KCl. a, b Open circuit voltage (a) and current density (b) generated by light-induced ions transport. c The generated power can be output to external circuit and supply an electronic load. The output power density reaches its peak value of 1.2 mW/m2 at resistance of ∼400 kΩ. d Current–voltage curves of two individual CNNM and their series and parallel connections. Inset: circuit diagram. CNNM 1: 46 mW/cm2; CNNM 2: 143 mW/cm2. e Light with different power density (A side: 143 mW/cm2; B side: 46 mW/cm2) from different direction resulted in alternating current