Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in three groups
| Characteristic | rTMS group (n=10) | Robot group (n=10) | Combined group (n=10) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 70.3±9.6 | 66.6±12.2 | 62.5±16.5 | 0.606 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | |
| Female | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | |
| Lesion | ||||
| Ischemic:Hemorrhagic | 7:3 | 4:6 | 5:5 | |
| Cortical:Subcortical | 4:6 | 4:6 | 7:3 | |
| Duration (day) | 19.2±13.4 | 24.5±22.4 | 15.3±9.8 | 0.632 |
| MVPT (14–65) | 20.9±8.0 | 24.4±6.5 | 24.0±5.5 | 0.458 |
| Line bisection (%) | 31.7±6.9 | 26.7±6.9 | 27.1±4.8 | 0.103 |
| Star cancellation (0–56) | 7.3±6.0 | 8.0±2.5 | 9.7±4.2 | 0.307 |
| Albert’s test (0–18) | 6.0±3.0 | 5.9±2.1 | 7.8±1.9 | 0.174 |
| CBS (0–30) | 22.7±4.3 | 24.6±3.0 | 21.3±3.1 | 0.081 |
| MMSE (0–30) | 20.1±4.8 | 16.8±5.0 | 21.5±3.5 | 0.093 |
| K-MBI (0–100) | 32.3±15.2 | 35.7±18.2 | 42.2±20.7 | 0.547 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; MVPT, Motor-Free Visual Perception Test; CBS, Catherine Bergego Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; K-MBI, Korean version of Modified Barthel Index.