Skip to main content
. 2018 Aug 27;219(3):429–436. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy511

Table 4.

Adjusted Associations Between Food Insecurity and IL-6 and TNFR1, by HIV Control

Characteristic
Relative Difference (95% CI)a
IL-6 TNFR1
HIV controlledb
(n = 233)
Not HIV controlled
(n = 167)
HIV controlled
(n = 233)
Not HIV controlled
(n = 167)
Any food insecurity 1.27c
(1.01–1.58)
1.30c
(1.03–1.63)
1.10
(0.99–1.21)
1.20d
(1.60–1.37)
Age at visit, per 10 years 1.12
(1.00–1.26)
1.00
(0.87–1.14)
1.03
(0.98–1.08)
1.02
(0.95–1.10)
High school education or more 1.06
(0.84–1.35)
1.13
(0.89–1.43)
1.05
(0.95–1.17)
1.09
(0.96–1.25)
Race/ethnicity
 White (Ref) (Ref) (Ref) (Ref)
 Hispanic 1.11
(0.68–1.81)
1.24
(0.75–2.05)
0.77c
(0.62–0.95)
0.79
(0.60–1.04)
 Black/African American 1.38
(0.94–2.04)
1.26
(0.83–1.91)
0.85
(0.72–1.01)
0.84
(0.66–1.05)
 Other 1.78
(0.87–3.63)
0.63
(0.30–1.33)
0.89
(0.66–1.21)
0.67
(0.45–1.01)
Annual household income
 ≤ $12000 (Ref) (Ref) (Ref) (Ref)
 $12001–$24000 0.86
(0.67–1.09)
0.66d
(0.49–0.88)
0.98
(0.89–1.09)
1.20c
(1.02–1.42)
 ≥$24001 0.71d
(0.55–0.92)
0.92
(0.70–1.21)
0.89c
(0.80–1.00)
0.96
(0.83–1.12)
Illicit substance use 0.92
(0.53–1.61)
0.95
(0.58–1.58)
0.90
(0.71–1.15)
1.07
(0.81–1.41)
Current smoker 0.94
(0.74–1.18)
1.14
(0.89–1.45)
1.05
(0.95–1.16)
1.11
(0.97–1.27)

Both multivariable linear regression models adjusted for all the variables included in the tables

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IL-6, interleukin-6; Ref, reference;TNFR1, tumor necroses factor receptor 1.

aThe natural logarithm of IL-6 and TNFR1 was used to satisfy the assumption of a normal distribution. The relative differences are natural exponential e of the regression coefficients, and are interpreted as multiplicative factors.

bHIV control was defined as undetectable viral load and CD4 ≥ 500 cells/mm3.

c P < .05.

d P < .01.

e P < .001.