Table 3. Associations of WMH and LI with AD in a Cox proportional-hazards regression model.
| Crude HR for AD (95% CI) | p | Adjusted HR for AD (95% CI)* | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WMH | ||||
| None | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Mild | 1.17 (0.93–1.26) | >0.05 | 1.14 (0.91–1.23) | >0.05 |
| Moderate | 1.33 (1.23–1.54) | <0.05 | 1.31 (1.27–1.52) | <0.05 |
| Severe | 1.78 (1.41–2.02) | <0.01 | 1.75 (1.37–2.01) | <0.01 |
| LI | ||||
| None | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| A few (1 to 3) | 1.09 (0.85–1.17) | >0.05 | 1.06 (0.82–1.14) | >0.05 |
| Many (≥4) | 1.37 (1.25–1.54) | <0.05 | 1.34 (1.26–1.52) | <0.05 |
| WMH and LI | ||||
| Neither WMH nor LI | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Only WMH | 1.44 (1.24–1.62) | <0.01 | 1.40 (1.25–1.59) | <0.01 |
| Only LI | 1.26 (1.12–1.37) | <0.05 | 1.23 (1.14–1.39) | <0.05 |
| Both WMH and LI | 2.05 (1.67–2.28) | <0.01 | 2.03 (1.69–2.26) | <0.01 |
*Adjusted for age, sex, education level, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, and ApoE level.
AD: Alzheimer's disease, HR: hazard ratio, LI: lacunar infarcts, WMH: white-matter hyperintensities.