Table 2.

Effects of religion on under-five mortality.

Independent variables reference group in parenthesis		Under–five mortality
Specification 1	Specification 2	Specification 3
Predisposing factors
Religion of household head (other Christian groups)
Apostolic sect	0.030***	–0.026***	0.025***
	(0.008)	(0.009)	(0.007)
Traditional	–0.002	–0.026***	–0.007
	(0.013)	(0.009)	(0.013)
Other religions and no religion	0.010	–0.019	–0.001
	(0.009)	(0.012)	(0.009)
Child sex (Boy=1)		–0.035**	0.005
		(0.016)	(0.006)
Mothers age at birth (<20)		0.021**
Mothers age at birth 25-29		(0.009)	0.039***
			(0.011)
Mothers age at birth 30-34			0.049***
			(0.011)
Mothers age at birth >35			0.040***
			(0.013)
Marital status (1=single)			0.033***
	(0.011)
Mother's education (1=secondary/higher)			–0.011*
	(0.006)
First birth (1=yes)			0.035***
	(0.007)
Siblings under5 (1=yes)			0.100***
	(0.007)
Enabling factors
Wealth quintile (lowest quintile)
Second
		–0.026***	–0.023**
Middle		(0.009)	(0.009)
		–0.026***	–0.020**
Fourth		(0.009)	(0.009)
		–0.019	–0.018
Highest		(0.012)	(0.013)
		–0.035**	–0.030**
Medical assistance received in 100 US$		(0.016)	(0.016)
		0.021**	0.026***
Household dependency ratio		(0.009)	(0.009)
			–0.026***
Mother's occupation (paid employee)			(0.004)
Agriculture own account worker
			–0.017*
Other own account worker			(0.009)
			–0.005
Unpaid family worker			(0.009)
			–0.024
Unemployed			(0.019)
			–0.004
Urban residence			(0.011)
		–0.000	–0.001
		(0.015)	(0.014)
Observations	6366	6366	6366

Specification 1 shows marginal effects from logit regression with religion only. Specification 2 includes religion and enabling variables only, Specification 3 includes the full model with all predisposing and enabling factors. Categorical variables start with a variable heading. Reference levels for categorical variables are given in parenthesis next to the variable heading. Standard errors, clustered by district, are given in parentheses. Significance levels are as follows:

***P<0.01

**P<0.05

*P<0.1.