Figure 1.

Effects of paricalcitol on cell viability and reactive oxidative stress formation in indoxyl sulfate (IS)-treated human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. HK-2 cells were treated with IS at various concentrations, and after 24 hours, cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (A) IS exposure indicated dose-dependent decreases in cell viability, (B) which was attenuated by paricalcitol treatment. (C-G) IS caused a dose-dependent increase in 2ʹ,7ʹ-dichlorof luorescein diacetate f luorescence following a 24 hours incubation, whereas treatment with paricalcitol attenuated increased reactive oxidative stress production. Results are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean of three individual experiments. DCF-DA, 2ʹ,-7ʹ-dichlorof luorescein diacetate; FL1, f luorescent light 1; FL2, fluorescent light 2. ^ap < 0.05 vs. control, ^bp < 0.05 vs. IS-treated HK-2 cells.