A combination of diurnal CORT and post extinction training acute CORT restores superior conditioned fear extinction recall in ADX rats. Experimental timeline (upper panel): rats were given sham or ADX surgery one week before conditioned fear/extinction training. Some ADX rats were also given CORT in their drinking water (ADX+dCORT), an acute injection of CORT immediately after day 2 extinction training (ADX+aCORT) or both (ADX+aCORT+dCORT). All rats were trained and tested at ZT16. Freezing behavior (lower panel, mean ± SEM): there was no overall effect of adrenal status on day 1 acquisition, 24-h conditioned fear recall (day 2, trial block 1) or within session extinction (day 2, trial blocks 2–5). But sham and ADX+aCORT+dCORT rats had superior extinction recall compared to each of the other groups (day 3, trial blocks 1 and 2). Data for ADX rats that had not yet received an acute injection of CORT or saline after day 2, were pooled on days 1 and 2 for clarity of presentation; *p < 0.05, sham versus ADX (FLSD); ^p < 0.05, ADX versus ADX+dCORT (FLSD); #p < 0.05, sham versus ADX+dCORT (FLSD); †p < 0.05, sham versus ADX+aCORT (FLSD); @p < 0.05, ADX+aCORT+dCORT versus ADX (FLSD); $p < 0.05, ADX+aCORT+dCORT versus ADX+dCORT (FLSD); &p < 0.05, ADX+aCORT+dCORT versus ADX+aCORT (FLSD).