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. 2018 Jul 9;24(1):126–144. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0102-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — AdipoR1 mediates the effects of adiponectin on VTA dopamine neuron activity and anxiety-like behavior. (a) Schematic procedure of in vivo extracellular recording of dopamine neurons in the VTA. (b) Left, representative extracellular voltage traces from VTA dopamine neurons; right, representative image demonstrating the electrode track through the VTA. (c) Number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons per track in the VTA. (d) Left and middle-left, firing rate; middle-right, scatter plot distribution; right, cumulative frequency distribution. (e) Left and middle-left, percentage of burst firing; middle-right, scatter plot distribution; right, cumulative frequency distribution. AdipoR1^flox/flox + vehicle: n = 9 mice, AdipoR1^flox/flox + adiponectin: n = 9 mice, AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + vehicle: n = 7 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + Adiponectin: n = 7 mice. (f) Representative traces of the elevated plus maze test in four different treatment groups. (g) Top, percentage of open/total arm time; bottom, percentage of open/total arm entries. (h) Top, representative picture showing injection sites; bottom, schematic diagram of injection sites in the VTA. AdipoR1^flox/flox + vehicle: n = 7 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox + adiponectin: n = 6 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + vehicle: n = 6 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + Adiponectin: n = 7 mice. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated mice

Fig. 5 — AdipoR1 mediates the effects of adiponectin on VTA dopamine neuron activity and anxiety-like behavior. (a) Schematic procedure of in vivo extracellular recording of dopamine neurons in the VTA. (b) Left, representative extracellular voltage traces from VTA dopamine neurons; right, representative image demonstrating the electrode track through the VTA. (c) Number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons per track in the VTA. (d) Left and middle-left, firing rate; middle-right, scatter plot distribution; right, cumulative frequency distribution. (e) Left and middle-left, percentage of burst firing; middle-right, scatter plot distribution; right, cumulative frequency distribution. AdipoR1^flox/flox + vehicle: n = 9 mice, AdipoR1^flox/flox + adiponectin: n = 9 mice, AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + vehicle: n = 7 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + Adiponectin: n = 7 mice. (f) Representative traces of the elevated plus maze test in four different treatment groups. (g) Top, percentage of open/total arm time; bottom, percentage of open/total arm entries. (h) Top, representative picture showing injection sites; bottom, schematic diagram of injection sites in the VTA. AdipoR1^flox/flox + vehicle: n = 7 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox + adiponectin: n = 6 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + vehicle: n = 6 mice; AdipoR1^flox/flox/DAT^IREScre + Adiponectin: n = 7 mice. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated mice