Table 2.
Demographic and clinical data of the study patients after propensity score matching
| First cohort | Second cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Non-Steroid* | Steroid* | P‡ | Non-IVIG | IVIG | P‡ |
| Number of patients | 208 | 104 | – | 178 | 89 | – |
| Male gender—no. (%) | 108 (51.9) | 56 (53.8) | 0.810 | 111 (62.4) | 58 (65.2) | 0.688 |
| Age (year) | 2.4 ± 2.8 | 2.6 ± 2.9 | 0.660 | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 0.313 |
| Age group | 0.875 | 0.576 | ||||
| < 1 yrs. | 87 (41.8) | 44 (42.3) | 79 (44.4) | 35 (39.3) | ||
| 1~2 yrs. | 67 (32.2) | 32 (30.8) | 80 (44.9) | 40 (44.9) | ||
| 3~5 yrs. | 28 (13.5) | 12 (11.5) | 8 (4.5) | 7 (7.9) | ||
| 6~11 yrs. | 26 (12.5) | 16 (15.4) | 11 (6.2) | 7 (7.9) | ||
| Oral Medication—no. (%) | ||||||
| ACEi/ ARB | 22 (10.6) | 10 (9.6) | 0.846 | 8 (4.5) | 5 (5.6) | 0.765 |
| Beta blocker | 8 (3.8) | 6 (5.8) | 0.563 | 7 (3.9) | 4 (4.5) | 1.000 |
| Digoxin | 29 (13.9) | 14 (13.5) | 1.000 | 12 (6.7) | 5 (5.6) | 0.797 |
| Loop diuretics | 26 (12.5) | 15 (14.4) | 0.723 | 9 (5.1) | 6 (6.7) | 0.581 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 6 (2.9) | 4 (3.8) | 0.736 | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Intravenous agents—no. (%) | ||||||
| Dobutamine | 56 (26.9) | 31 (29.8) | 0.595 | 18 (10.1) | 10 (11.2) | 0.833 |
| Milrinone | 13 (6.3) | 7 (6.7) | 1.000 | 7 (3.9) | 6 (6.7) | 0.369 |
| Dopamine | 77 (37.0) | 39 (37.5) | 1.000 | 29 (16.3) | 17 (19.1) | 0.607 |
| Norepinephrine | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.9) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Examination—no. (%) | ||||||
| Cardiac MRI | 6 (2.9) | 5 (4.8) | 0.516 | 3 (1.7) | 7 (7.9) | 0.018 |
| Cardiac biopsy | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.333 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Virus detection | 107 (51.4) | 52 (50.0) | 0.812 | 54 (30.3) | 34 (38.2) | 0.215 |
| Severity assessment—no. (%) | ||||||
| VT/VF | 5 (2.4) | 1 (1.0) | 0.668 | 3 (1.7) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| CPR | 25 (12.0) | 11 (10.6) | 0.851 | 9 (5.1) | 5 (5.6) | 1.000 |
| Bradycardia | 6 (2.9) | 2 (1.9) | 0.723 | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Cardioversion | 16 (7.7) | 6 (5.8) | 0.643 | 5 (2.8) | 3 (3.4) | 1.000 |
| Temporary pacemaker | 6 (2.9) | 2 (1.9) | 0.723 | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| ICU stay | 130 (62.5) | 64 (61.5) | 0.902 | 42 (23.6) | 23 (25.8) | 0.762 |
‡ Fisher’s exact test for categorical variable or t-test for continuous variable;
*Steroid: patients received high-dose steroid therapy; non-steroid: patients without receiving high-dose steroid therapy
Abbreviations: ACEi angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor), ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ICU intensive care unit, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, VT/VF ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation