Table 1.

Bioethanol production in rice

Pretreatments	Ethanol production (% dry biomass)	References
rbcS::OsGH9B1 0.5% NaOH 50 °C for 2 h + 1% tween-80	21.9	This study
rbcS::OsGH9B3 0.5% NaOH 50 °C for 2 h + 1% tween-80	22.5	This study
1% H2SO4 121 °C for 15 min + ultrasound: 40 W 50 °C for 10 min	11	[61]
0.65% HNO3, 158.8 °C for 5.86 min	14.5	[62]
Torrefaction 220 °C for 40 min	15	[63]
1% maleic acid 190 °C for 3 min	16.9	[64]
Popping pretreatment (dry sample 20 °C/min to 220 °C, 1.96 MPa)	17.2	[65]
2% Lime 120 °C for 60 min + CO2 neutralization	19.1	[66]
Transgenic plant: 1% sodium hydroxide + 1% Tween-80	21	[67]
21% aqueous-ammonia 69 °C for 10 h + initial loading 3% glucan	21.1	[68]