Table 4.
Multilevel modelling analysis
| Child’s pain assessment | Parent’s pain assessment | Parent-reported physical function | Child reported HRQoL | Coordination | Grip strength | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unconditional time effect | −1.40 (−1–66, − 1.13) | −6.44 (− 12.0, −0.88) | −0.0115 (− 0.121, 0.0979) | 0.00992 (− 0.0142, 0.0340) | 5.51 (0.0373, 11.0) | 5.56 (2.00, 9.12) |
| Added univariate effects | ||||||
| Intervention (vs. standard care) | −0.106 (− 0.630, 0.420) | 0.056 (−11.4, 11.5) | −0.0639 (− 0.174, 0.302) | 0.0146 (− 0.0311, 0.0600) | −5.74 (− 16.2, 7.74) | −2.49 (− 9.79, 4.81) |
| Age 9–12 (vs. 5–8)) | 0.475 (− 0.109, 1.06) | −6.99 (− 19.4, 5.45) | −0.101 (− 0.365, 0.164) | 0.0155 (− 0.0364, 0.0674) | −3.55 (− 14.5, 7.37) | −0.642 (−7.41. 6.13) |
| Age 13–16 (vs. 5–8)) | 0.583 (− 0.135, 1.30) | − 12.99 (− 29.4, 4.18) | −0.0288 (− 0.316, 0.258) | 0.0238 (− 0.0281, 0.0756) | 3.65 (− 13.5, 20.8) | 1.71 (−9.80, 13.2) |
| Female Sex (vs. Male) | 0.426 (0.093,0.946) | −3.75 (− 15.5, 7.96) | −0.0702 (− 0.327, 0.187) | 0.0304 (− 0.0435, 0.0900) | 2.80 (− 7.78, 13.4) | −2.43 (− 9.77, 4.90) |
| BMI | 0.062 (− 0.029, 0.153) | −0.33 (− 2.07, 1.41) | −0.00521(− 0.0220, 0.0324) | 0.00306 (− 0.00345,0.00957) | −0.147 (− 1.73, 1.44) | 0.806 (− 0.596, 2.21) |
| Beighton | 0.013 (−-0.186, 0.212) | −0.48 (−4.88, 3.92 | 0.0154 (− 0.0762, 0.107) | −0.00305 (− 0.0188, 0.0127) | 1.01 (−2.25, 4.27) | −0.0259 (− 2.67, 2.62) |
| Baseline child pain | − 0.768 (−1.05, − 0.486) | −3.35(− 7.31, 0.61) | 0.0130 (− 0.0943, 0.0685) | 0.0118 (− 0.00510, 0.0288) | 1.07 (−2.41, 4.54) | −0.360 (− 2.46, 1.74) |
Figures represent regression coefficients (95% CI) and indicate rate of change in the outcome variable per year per unit change in child and parent pain. BMI, and Beighton score, and per category for sex and age. Figures in bold are statistically significant at p < 0.05