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. 2019 Jan 9;14(1):e0209693. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209693

Table 1. List of analysed burials, with archaeological, osteological and isotopic data (Phase: MBA = Middle Bronze Age; RBA = Recent Bronze Age. Rite: I = inhumation; C = cremation. Sex: M = male; F = female; I = indeterminate sex. Age class: INF1 = 0–6 yo; INF2 = 7–12 yo; JUV = 13–20 yo; AD = 21–40 yo; MAT = >40 yo. Sampled bone/tooth: M2 = second molar; M3 third molar).

Site Grave n. Burial group Phase Rite Sex Age Class Age Sampled bone/tooth 87Sr/86Sr 2SE δ18OVSMOW SD δ13CVPDB SD Grave goods Orientation of the body Position of the body
Sant’Eurosia 1B south of the tumuli NA I M AD ~30 M2 inf 0.709223 0.000011 23.39 0.05 -12.45 0.04 S-N prone
Sant’Eurosia 2A south of the tumuli NA I F JUV ~15 M2 inf 0.709101 0.000008 23.53 0.07 -13.19 0.02 shell in the mouth N-S supine
Sant’Eurosia 2B south of the tumuli NA I I INF1 5–6 M2 sup 0.708854 0.000009 23.7 0.05 -13.46 0.04 S-N supine
Sant’Eurosia 3 south of the tumuli NA I I INF2 ~9 P4 sup 0.708953 0.000008 23.76 0.04 -13.69 0.04 bronze dagger S-N left side
Sant’Eurosia 6 south of the tumuli NA I M MAT 50+ M2 inf 0.708947 0.000009 23.49 0.05 -13.5 0.05 bronze dagger S-N prone
Sant’Eurosia 7 tumulus H 1 I M MAT 40–45 M2 sup 0.709262 0.000011 23.49 0.05 -13.98 0.06 SE-NW left side
Sant’Eurosia 7 tumulus H 1 I M MAT 40–45 M2 sup 0.709329 0.000007 23.49 0.05 -13.98 0.06 SE-NW left side
Sant’Eurosia 11 tumulus A 1 I F AD 20–30? M2 sup 0.708438 0.000009 24.56 0.09 -14 0.05 W-E supine
Sant’Eurosia 12 tumulus F 2 I M MAT 40–50 M2 inf 0.709154 0.000009 24.53 0.06 -14.09 0.06 S-N supine
Sant’Eurosia 13 tumulus C 2 I M MAT 40–50 M2 inf 0.708625 0.000010 24.37 0.05 -13.12 0.03 SE-NW supine
Sant’Eurosia 14A tumulus D 2 I F AD 20–30 M2 sup 0.708686 0.000011 24.31 0.07 -14.28 0.04 earring NE-SW right side
Sant’Eurosia 16 tumulus D 2 I M AD ~30 M2 inf 0.708473 0.000008 23.66 0.08 -13.87 0.04 SE-NW supine
Sant’Eurosia 17 tumulus B 2 I I INF2 8–9 M2 inf 0.708919 0.000010 23.16 0.05 -14.08 0.03 W-E right side
Sant’Eurosia 19 between the tumuli NA I I INF2 ~6 M2 sup 0.708984 0.000014 24.98 0.07 -14.3 0.04 bronze necklace, 3 shells in the mouth S-N left side
Sant’Eurosia 20 south of the tumuli 1 I M AD ? P4 sup 0.709062 0.000008 24.71 0.08 -13.13 0.04 SW-NE NA
Sant’Eurosia 23 tumulus A 1 I M AD 30–40 M2 sup 0.709210 0.000010 24.51 0.09 -13.97 0.04 SW-NE left side
Sant’Eurosia 24 tumulus A 1 I M AD 30–35 M2 sup 0.709381 0.000008 24.23 0.06 -13.91 0.01 E-W left side
Sant’Eurosia 25 tumulus A 1 I M AD ? M2 inf 0.708875 0.000012 24.35 0.07 -13.46 0.04 steatie beads SW-NE left side
Sant’Eurosia 27 tumulus D 2 I F AD 20–25 M2 sup 0.709027 0.000010 24.26 0.08 -14.12 0.05 awl W-E right side
Sant’Eurosia 28 tumulus A 1 I M MAT 40–50 M2 sup 0.708660 0.000009 24.31 0.05 -14.28 0.03 pot (robbed grave) SW-NE left side
Sant’Eurosia US424 tumulus B NA I M AD 30–40 M2 sup 0.708805 0.000009 24.01 0.08 -13.31 0.05
Casinalbo 4 A RBA2 C F AD NA petrous portion 0.709138 0.000010 fibula, earring
Casinalbo 15 A RBA1 C M AD NA petrous portion 0.708741 0.000008
Casinalbo 16 A RBA2 C I INF1 NA petrous portion 0.708650 0.000007
Casinalbo 40 Y RBA1 C F AD NA petrous portion 0.708598 0.000008 bronze ornament frag., earrings, glass beads, antler wheel-shaped pinhead
Casinalbo 41 Y RBA1 C M AD NA petrous portion 0.708714 0.000009
Casinalbo 131 I RBA1 C F JUV NA petrous portion 0.708619 0.000010
Casinalbo 149 I MBA2B+3A C F MAT NA petrous portion 0.709206 0.000009 bronze ornament frag.
Casinalbo 163 K RBA2 C F MAT NA petrous portion 0.708569 0.000010
Casinalbo 184 K MBA3B C I INF1 NA petrous portion 0.708547 0.000009
Casinalbo 185 K RBA1 C M AD NA petrous portion 0.708706 0.000008 sword/dagger frag.
Casinalbo 189 K RBA1 C F AD NA petrous portion 0.709002 0.000011
Casinalbo 192 I MBA3B C F AD NA petrous portion 0.709120 0.000008 bronze ornament frag.
Casinalbo 230 K RBA1 C F AD NA petrous portion 0.708960 0.000010
Casinalbo 242 K RBA2 C F JUV NA petrous portion 0.708501 0.000010
Casinalbo 264 En MBA2B+3A C M MAT NA petrous portion 0.709253 0.000011
Casinalbo 274 E RBA2 C M AD NA petrous portion 0.708675 0.000010
Casinalbo 289 E MBA2B+3A C M AD NA petrous portion 0.708624 0.000008
Casinalbo 305 E MBA3B C F AD NA petrous portion 0.708742 0.000011
Casinalbo 333 D RBA C F AD NA petrous portion 0.709136 0.000007 bronze pin
Casinalbo 357 D RBA C I INF1 NA petrous portion 0.709046 0.000009
Casinalbo 474 E MBA2B+3A C M AD NA petrous portion 0.708618 0.000009
Casinalbo 488 C MBA2B+3A C M MAT NA petrous portion 0.708752 0.000012
Casinalbo 491-petrous C MBA2B+3A C I INF1 NA petrous portion 0.708909 0.000011
Casinalbo 491-M2 C MBA2B+3A C I INF1 NA M2 sup 0.708959 0.000009
Casinalbo 499 C MBA2B+3A C M AD NA petrous portion 0.709686 0.000010
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 12 NA NA C I JUV petrous portion 0.709928 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 15 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.709650 0.000012 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 27 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.709696 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 30 NA NA C M MAT petrous portion 0.709451 0.000009 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 49 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.710137 0.000012 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 51 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.710183 0.000009 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 52 NA NA C I INF 1 petrous portion 0.709899 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 58 NA NA C I INF 1 M2 sup 0.709863 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 61 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.709944 0.000012 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 72 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.709199 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 74 NA NA C F MAT petrous portion 0.710256 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 91 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.709439 0.000011 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 96 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.709845 0.000012 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 102 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.709532 0.000012 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 116 NA NA C M MAT petrous portion 0.709490 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 156 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.710099 0.000013 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 172 NA NA C F JUV petrous portion 0.710195 0.000013 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 174 NA NA C I JUV petrous portion 0.709593 0.000011 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 176 NA NA C I INF 2 petrous portion 0.709952 0.000011 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 178 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.710086 0.000010 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 191 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.710233 0.000009 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 196 NA NA I M JUV 12–18 M2 sup 0.709144 0.000005 24.16 0.06 -8.15 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 209 NA NA I I INF 2 5–9 M2 inf 0.709892 0.000008 24.79 0.09 -4.18 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 225 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.709235 0.000013 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 231 NA NA I I JUV 10–14 M2 inf 0.709792 0.000008 25.01 0.08 -12.56 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 236 NA NA I M AD ? M2 inf 0.710150 0.000009 25.46 0.08 -4.48 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 244 NA NA I F AD ? M2 inf 0.708712 0.000008 26.06 0.07 -13.35 0.06 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 246-M2 NA NA I F AD-MAT ? M2 sup 0.719605 0.000009 26.9 0.07 -14.02 0.03 NA S-N supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 246-M3 NA NA I F AD-MAT ? M3 sup 0.717075 0.000009 26.25 0.08 -11.68 0.02 NA S-N supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 261 NA NA C F MAT petrous portion 0.710104 0.000009 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 271 NA NA C I INF 2 petrous portion 0.709746 0.000008 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 274 NA NA I F AD 35–45 M2 sup 0.708484 0.000010 24.08 0.07 -10.19 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 278 NA NA I F MAT 25–35 M2 sup 0.710407 0.000007 26.42 0.08 -11.86 0.06 NA S-N supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 285 NA NA I F AD 30–40 M2 sup 0.709620 0.000007 26.67 0.04 -13.78 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 288 NA NA I F JUV-AD ? M2 sup 0.710189 0.000006 25.4 0.08 -12.59 0.02 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 299 NA NA I F JUV-AD ? M2 inf 0.709637 0.000009 26.56 0.09 -11.42 0.04 NA N-S supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 310 NA NA I F AD ? M2 inf 0.709471 0.000008 24.43 0.06 -5.44 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 313-M2 NA NA I F AD 25–30 M2 sup 0.708094 0.000007 25.37 0.09 -12.16 0.022 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 313-M3 NA NA I F AD 25–30 M3 sup 0.709568 0.000013 25.41 0.06 -3.08 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 315 NA NA I F AD 25–30 M2 sup 0.712438 0.000007 26.95 0.05 -13.36 0.03 NA N-S supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 325 NA NA I F AD 25–30 M2 inf 0.712178 0.000006 27.63 0.06 -13.45 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 326 NA NA I F MAT 40–50 M2 sup 0.709352 0.000008 25.48 0.07 -13.06 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 327 NA NA I F AD 25–40 M2 sup 0.709413 0.000007 26.93 0.04 -13.82 0.05 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 327 NA NA I F AD 25–40 M2 sup 0.709279 0.000007 - - - NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 328 NA NA I M JUV 18–20 M2 inf 0.709253 0.000010 26.30 0.07 -11.96 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 329 NA NA I F AD ? M2 sup 0.709093 0.000008 25.7 0.09 -11.86 0.07 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 344 NA NA I F AD-MAT ? M2 sup 0.708009 0.000010 26.48 0.06 -12.29 0.03 NA E-W lateral left
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 345 NA NA I M AD 20–30 M2 inf 0.709021 0.000008 24.77 0.06 -8.01 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 352 NA NA I I JUV 12–15 M2 inf 0.709252 0.000008 25.02 0.05 -4.97 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 373 NA NA I F AD 20–35 M2 sup 0.708992 0.000012 25.47 0.09 -5.19 0.03 NA S-N supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 398 NA NA I M AD ~25 M2 inf 0.710022 0.000008 26.24 0.06 -12.25 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 400 NA NA I F AD 35–40 M2 sup 0.709027 0.000010 26.13 0.07 -6 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 401 NA NA I M AD 35–40 M2 sup 0.710279 0.000005 25.18 0.09 -4.12 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 403 NA NA I M AD ? M2 sup 0.709226 0.000010 26.13 0.06 -3.46 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 404 NA NA I F AD 20–30 M2 sup 0.710136 0.000006 26.08 0.08 -5.93 0.03 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 405-M2 NA NA I M AD 30–40 M2 sup 0.719292 0.000010 24.77 0.05 -6.3 0.04 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 405-M3 NA NA I M AD 30–40 M3 sup 0.711976 0.000014 25.75 0.06 -3.49 0.06 NA E-W supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 424 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.709874 0.000009 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 433 NA NA C I AD petrous portion 0.709858 0.000009 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 454 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.710098 0.000014 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 456 NA NA C F AD petrous portion 0.709953 0.000013 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 474 NA NA C M MAT petrous portion 0.710156 0.000018 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 485 NA NA C M AD petrous portion 0.709704 0.000012 NA
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani 527 NA NA I I JUV 12–18 M2 sup 0.709987 0.000006 26.22 0.07 -6.84 0.03 NA NE-SW supine
Scalvinetto/Fondo Paviani Fauna (416) NA NA - - - - tooth enamel 0.710128 0.000006 23.78 0.07 -2.78 0.04 - - -