Table 3.
Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy vs open partial nephrectomy (OPN) (2009–2015)
| Patient data | Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RALPN + LPN (n = 859 +n = 1277), no. (%) | OPN (n = 120), no. (%) | p valuea | RR (95% CI) | p valueb | |
| Median age, years | 60 | 61 | 0.463 | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.323 |
| Hypertension | 536 (62.4) | 87 (72.5) | 0.031 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.363 |
| Diabetes | 245 (28.5) | 38 (31.7) | 0.477 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.576 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage | |||||
| Preoperative CKD 1/2 | 633 (82.3) | 86 (76.1) | 0.112 | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.881 |
| Preoperative CKD 3+ | 136 (17.7) | 27 (23.9) | |||
| Cancer stage | |||||
| T1 | 783 (91.8) | 101 (85.6) | 0.040 | — | — |
| T2 | 21 (2.5) | 3 (2.5) | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 0.873 | |
| T3 | 49 (5.7) | 14 (11.9) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.101 | |
| Race/ethnicityc | |||||
| White | 399 (47.1) | 73 (60.8) | 0.019 | — | 0.010 |
| Hispanic | 288 (34.0) | 34 (28.3) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | ||
| Black | 96 (11.3) | 10 (8.3) | 1.08 (1.10–1.60) | ||
| Asian | 65 (7.3) | 3 (2.5) | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 525 (61.1) | 68 (56.7) | 0.350 | — | — |
| Women | 334 (38.9) | 52 (43.3) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.117 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | |||||
| CCI 0 | 170 (19.8) | 13 (10.8) | 0.043 | — | 0.091 |
| CCI 1 | 1.02 (0.94–1.12) | ||||
| CCI 2 | 503 (58.6) | 69 (57.5) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | ||
| CCI 3 | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | ||||
| CCI 4 | 0.93 (0.83–1.03) | ||||
| CCI ≥ 5 | 186 (21.7) | 38 (31.7) | 0.89 (0.80–0.99) | ||
| Year of surgery | |||||
| 2011 | 154 (17.9) | 32 (26.7) | 0.001 | Adjusted for year of surgery; results not shown | |
| 2012 | 187 (21.8) | 41 (34.2) | |||
| 2013 | 221 (25.7) | 19 (15.8) | |||
| 2014 | 205 (23.9) | 20 (16.7) | |||
a
χ2 tests for independence were used for categorical variables; Wilcoxon rank sum test, for continuous variables. Boldface values are statistically significant.
b
Based on likelihood ratio statistic. Boldface values are statistically significant.
c
Numbers for race/ethnicity do not sum to 100 because there were insufficient numbers to include those.
CI = confidence interval; LPN = laparoscopic partial nephrectomy; RALPN = robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy; RR = relative risk.