Table 3.

Youth, parent, and practitioner reaction to and endorsement of syncope prevention techniques not currently implemented in usual care

Technique	Youth (Y)/Parent (P)		Clinician endorsements/reactions
	Level of Support, no. in favor of technique	Reactions
Patient education	3Y/2P	Unsure if education would affect fainting/syncope outcomes	YES, if educational information is given or sent before visit with no impact on clinic workflow
	4Y/2P	Support providing education materials; proactive approach
Water consumption	8Y/5P	No experience but willing to try before visit; teens admitted not being well hydrated	YES, willing to offer water at check-in; not realistic to wait 30 min during visit before vaccination
Sodium consumption	8Y/5P	Some concern about increased sodium for general health; willing to try salty snack before visit	NO, had never heard of this and skeptical of it; possibly willing to offer salty food at time of check-in
Caffeine consumption	3Y	Likes drinking cola; open to this idea	NO, had never heard of this and skeptical of it; do not want to promote caffeine consumption by youth
	4Y/5P	Concern about increased “jitteriness” or creating an adverse reaction to the shot; concern about caffeine on health, physical development
Applied muscle tension	7Y/4P	Unsure of potential benefit beyond distraction; open to this idea, squeeze stress ball	Maybe, if no time impact; unsure if this would be helpful and could increase tension in arm
	2Y	Already practice this technique on own