Table 4.

Comparison of fast acquisition methods

Method	Spatio-temporal acceleration	Calibration / ACS	Optimization
SENSE	No	Required	L2
GRAPPA	No	Required	L2
TSENSE	Serial	No	L2
TGRAPPA	No	No	L2
k-t BLAST/SENSE	Joint	Required	L2
k-t GRAPPA	Joint	Required	L2
k-t PCA	Joint	Required	L2, PCA
CS (+PI)	Implementation-dependent	No	L0/L1, iterative
LRM (+ PI/CS)	Joint	No	nuclear norm, iterative
Proposed method	Joint	No	L2

Spatiotemporal PI methods enable both spatial and temporal acceleration with non-iterative solvers. ACS, autocalibration signals; BLAST, broad-use linear acquisition speed-up technique; CS, compressed sensing; GRAPPA, GRAPPA, generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions; LRM, low-rank model; PCA, pontocerebellar angle; PI, parallel imaging; SENSE, sensitivity encoding; TGRAPPA, temporal GRAPPA; TSENSE, encoding incorporating temporal filtering.