Table 2.
Associations of participant socio-demographics with biological aging metrics.
| DNAm Age Residual | Tanner Stage Residual | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-statistic | M (SE) | n | F-statistic | M (SE) | n | |
| Sex | F(1, 203)=4.22, p=.041 | F(1, 219)=0.11, p=.745 | ||||
| Male | −0.49 (0.35) | 108 | 0.02 (0.08) | 111 | ||
| Female | 0.55 (0.37) | 97 | −0.02 (0.08) | 110 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | F(3, 201)=1.15, p=.332 | F(3, 217)=5.65, p=.001 | ||||
| White | −0.55 (0.41) | 81 | −0.22 (0.08)b | 90 | ||
| Black | 0.19 (0.50) | 54 | 0.33 (0.10)a | 57 | ||
| Latino | 0.27 (0.71) | 26 | 0.05 (0.15)ab | 29 | ||
| Other | 0.63 (0.55) | 44 | −0.02 (0.12)ab | 45 | ||
| Family poverty status | F(1, 188)=0.99, p=.321 | F(1, 206)=4.50, p=.035 | ||||
| Above poverty line | 0.18 (0.31) | 140 | −0.05 (0.06) | 155 | ||
| Below poverty line | −0.42 (0.51) | 50 | 0.22 (0.11) | 53 | ||
Note. DNAm=DNA methylation. In the Tanner stage residual analysis, means that have no superscript in common for the race/ethnicity categories are significantly different from each other (Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons, p<.05). Epigenetic age acceleration differed by sex, such that females had more positive DNAm age residuals than males. Tanner stage residual score varied by race/ethnicity, with Black youth having accelerated pubertal development compared to White youth. Tanner stage residuals were also greater for those with families below, rather than above, the poverty line.