Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Participants by Intervention Group, at Baseline, by Study Site (n=270)
| Tijuana | Cd. Juarez | Tijuana vs. Cd. Juarez |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Future (n=69) | Short Term (n=72) | Total (n=141) |
Future (n=64) |
Short Term (n=65) |
Total (n=129) |
Test statistic and p-value |
| Age (Median (IQR) | 36.0(28.0,45.0) | 40.0(32.0,45.5) | 38.0(30.0,45.0) | 37.0(28.0,45.0) | 36.0(28.0,45.0) | 37.0(28.0,45.0) | −.80Z (.43) |
| # of years since first started sex work (Median (IQR) | 6.0(3.8,10.5) | 7.0(4.0,15.5) | 6.4(4.0,12.5) | 7.5(4.0,15.0) | 7.0(3.0,12.0) | 7.0(3.5,15.0) | .44Z (.66) |
| Has grade school education or less | 24(34.8%) | 30(41.7%) | 54(38.3%) | 36(56.3%) | 33(50.8%) | 69(53.5%) | 6.27C (.01) |
| Has a spouse or steady partner | 22(31.9%) | 26(36.1%) | 48(34.0%) | 18(28.1%) | 16(24.6%) | 34(26.4%) | 1.88 C (.17) |
| Lives with children under 18 | 24(34.8%) | 19(26.4%) | 43(30.5%) | 35(54.7%) | 37(56.9%) | 72(55.8%) | 17.66 C (<.001) |
| Lives with opposite sex spouse/steady sexual partner | 15(21.7%) | 16(22.2%) | 31(22.0%) | 9(14.1%) | 9(13.8%) | 18(14.0%) | 2.93 C (.09) |
| Earns on average > 3500 pesos monthly | 40(58.0%) | 41(56.9%) | 81(57.4%) | 59(92.2%) | 62(95.4%) | 121(93.8%) | 47.25 C (<.001) |
| Main source of income: sex workb | 68(98.6%) | 72(100%) | 140(99.3%) | 64(100%) | 62(95.4%) | 126(97.7%) | 1.21 C (.27) |
| Texting experience (years; (Median (IQR)) | 2.2(0.3,10.0) | 2.0(0.3,5.3) | 2.1(0.3,8.0) | 7.0(4.3,10.0) | 8.0(5.0,10.0) | 7.5(5.0,10.0) | 6.35 Z (<.001) |
| Used non-injection heavy drugsa | 38(55.1%) | 38(52.8%) | 76(53.9%) | 46(71.9%) | 46(70.8%) | 92(71.3%) | 8.69 C (.003) |
| Injected any drugsa | 16(23.2%) | 21(29.2%) | 37(26.2%) | 29(45.3%) | 30(46.2%) | 59(45.7%) | 11.17 C (<.001) |
| Binge used drugsa | 8(21.1%) | 11(28.2%) | 19(24.7%) | 2(4.3%) | 1(2.2%) | 3(3.3%) | <.001F |
| Receptive needle sharing (among IDUs)b | 11(61.1%) | 15(68.2%) | 26(65.0%) | 15(48.4%) | 17(56.7%) | 32(52.5%) | 1.55 C (.21) |
| Used drugs before/during sex with male clientb | 34(49.3%) | 29(40.3%) | 63(44.7%) | 31(48.4%) | 35(53.8%) | 66(51.2%) | 1.13 C (.29) |
| Harmful hazardous drinking, past year | 33(47.8%) | 28(38.9%) | 61(43.3%) | 28(43.8%) | 22(33.8%) | 50(38.8%) | 0.56 C (.45) |
| Used alcohol during sex with male clienta | 24(34.8%) | 27(37.5%) | 51(36.2%) | 40(62.5%) | 36(55.4%) | 76(58.9%) | 13.99 C (<.001) |
| Arrested (ever) for working as a FSW | 24(34.8%) | 17(23.6%) | 41(29.1%) | 21(32.8%) | 24(36.9%) | 45(34.9%) | 1.05 C (.31) |
| Worked as a FSW on the streetb | 49(71.0%) | 56(77.8%) | 105(74.5%) | 9(14.1%) | 4(6.2%) | 13(10.1%) | <.001 F |
| Has most or all Mexican clients | 52(75.4%) | 49(68.1%) | 101(71.6%) | 63(98.4%) | 65(100%) | 128(99.2%) | 39.83 C (<.001) |
| # of male clients per month (Median (IQR) | 37.5(13.3,61.0) | 40.0(9.6,60.6) | 40.0(10.0,60.7) | 72.0(44.0,93.8) | 80.0(48.0, 135) | 80.0(48.0, 112) | 7.28 Z (<.001) |
| # of times had vaginal and anal sex with clientsa (Median (IQR) | 40.0(24.0,80.0) | 43.0(21.0,86.0) | 41.0(24.0,85.0) | 76.0(55.0,97.5) | 85.0(62.0, 117) | 80.0(57.0, 105) | 6.16Z (<.001) |
| # of times you had unprotected vaginal and anal sex with clientsa (Median (IQR) | 10.0(3.0,21.0) | 9.5(4.0,27.5) | 10.0(4.0,24.0) | 40.0(20.0,63.0) | 41.0(16.0,75.0) | 40.0(16.0,66.0) | 7.53Z (<.001) |
| Amount earned per vaginal sex act without a condom (USD) (Median (IQR) | 18.2(11.2,30.0) | 16.8(11.2,39.2) | 16.8(11.2,33.6) | 11.2(8.4,16.8) | 12.6(8.4,18.2) | 11.2(8.4,16.8) | −5.49Z (<.001) |
| Amount earned per anal sex act without a condom (USD) (Median (IQR) | 33.6(14.0,56.0) | 15.9(9.8,33.6) | 16.8(11.2,44.8) | 15.4(8.4,19.6) | 14.0(8.4,22.4) | 14.0(8.4,19.6) | 1.64Z (.10) |
| Forced sex by clientsb | 5(7.2%) | 9(12.5%) | 14(9.9%) | 1(1.6%) | 3(4.6%) | 4(3.1%) | .02 F |
| Currently under the care of a psychologist or psychiatrist | 1(1.4%) | 3(4.2%) | 4(2.8%) | 1(1.6%) | 3(4.6%) | 4(3.1%) | .90 F |
| Score on Beck depression scale (Median (IQR) | 15.0( 8.0,22.0) | 19.5(13.0,25.0) | 17.0( 9.0,24.0) | 11.0( 4.0,19.5) | 14.0(5.0,18.0) | 13.0(5.0,19.0) | −4.03Z ( <.001) |
| Meets criteria for moderate or severe depression* | 23(33.3%) | 36(50.0%) | 59(41.8%) | 16(25.0%) | 14(21.5%) | 30(23.3%) | 10.53 C (.001) |
| Score for feelings of stigmatized identity scale (Median (IQR) | 1.6(0.8, 2.0) | 1.6(1.0, 2.2) | 1.6(0.8, 2.0) | 1.2(0.4, 1.8) | 1.2(0.8, 2.0) | 1.2(0.6, 2.0) | −2.31 Z (.021) |
| Ever has been tested for HIV | 48(69.6%) | 47(65.3%) | 95(67.4%) | 43(67.2%) | 51(78.5%) | 94(72.9%) | 0.97 C (.33) |
| Currently has any vaginal symptoms | 28(40.6%) | 29(40.3%) | 57(40.4%) | 19(29.7%) | 13(20.0%) | 32(24.8%) | 7.44 C (.006) |
| Tested positive for gonorrhea at baseline | 13(18.8%) | 9(12.5%) | 22(15.6%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 21.91 C (<.001) |
| Tested positive for chlamydia at baseline | 13(18.8%) | 19(26.4%) | 32(22.7%) | 7(10.9%) | 3(4.6%) | 10(7.8%) | <.001 F |
| Tested positive for lifetime syphilis at baseline | 14(20.3%) | 12(16.7%) | 26(18.4%) | 14(21.9%) | 18(27.7%) | 32(24.8%) | 1.62 C (.20) |
| Syphilis titers >=1:8, among lifetime syphilis cases | 3(21.4%) | 1(8.3%) | 4(15.4%) | 0(0.0%) | 2(11.1%) | 2(6.3%) | .39 F |
| Tested positive for any STI at baseline | 27(39.1%) | 30(41.7%) | 57(40.4%) | 19(29.7%) | 20(30.8%) | 39(30.2%) | 3.05 C (.08) |
a
past month
b
past 6 months
*
Future vs short p<0.05 (Tijuana Site only)
C
Chi-Square test statistic
Z
Z statistic for the normal approximation to the Mann-Whitney U test
F
p-value corresponding to Fisher’s