Table 3.

Biological sampling methods and analyses

Specimen	Purpose	Downstream applications
Cord blood—EDTA	Genomic DNA isolation	Genotyping, sequencing, epigenetics (methylation) analyses
Cord blood—PAXgene	RNA and miRNA isolation	Transcriptomics
Cord blood—SSR (Clot Activator Tube)	Serum separation	Protein measurements: cytokines, allergens; metabolomics (NMR, LC-MS)
Cord blood—Li-Heparin	Plasma separation	Protein measurements: cytokines, allergens; metabolomics (NMR, LC-MS)
Stool	Bacterial DNA isolation	Microbiome analyses
Urine		Metabolomics (NMR, LC-MS)
Skin swabs—cheek, elbow, forearm	Bacterial DNA isolation	Microbiome analyses
Buccal swabs	Genomic DNA isolation	Genotyping, sequencing, epigenetics (methylation) analyses
Buccal swabs	RNA and miRNA isolation	Transcriptomics
Hair		Toxicology analyses
Gingival smears	Bacterial DNA isolation	Microbiome analyses

Note: All biosamples are collected from the child at baseline